Teratogens Flashcards
1
Q
def. teratogen
A
an agent that may have a negative effect on the baby
2
Q
5 possible teratogen effects
A
- preg. loss
- congenital malformations
- neurobehavioral
- IUGR
- long term carcinogen
3
Q
2 classes of malformation
A
- major - require intervention
2. minor - traits with no serious or cosmetic consequence
4
Q
** what is baseline risk of malformation
A
1-3%
5
Q
2 major risk for malformation
A
- unknown
- genetic
drugs are 1%
6
Q
what is all or none period
A
time after fert and before implantation (12 days after ovulation)
- either kills or is fine
7
Q
when is are most structures developed by and 2 exception
A
done by end of T1 except brain and eye
8
Q
when does placenta play a role
A
5 weeks
- won;t let some drugs through
9
Q
4 mechs. of teratology
A
- control of cell division
- apop
- gene expression
- cell metabolism
10
Q
6 mech of toxicity
A
- hyperthermia
- hypoxia
- acid base
- reduced uterine flow
- elevated cortisol
- def. of zinc
11
Q
4 maternal conditions that are teratologic
A
- diabetes - hyperglycemia - cardiac, neural tube, macrosomia
- hypothyroidism - decrease IQ
- chronic renal failure - oligohydro
- conditions with antibodies -SLE, graves
12
Q
5 major maternal infections
A
Toxoplasmosis Other (syph, varicella) Rubella Cytomegalovirus Herpes simplex
13
Q
6 bad drugs
A
- accutane - miscarriage and malformations
- thalidomide - flippers (phocomegaly)
- warfarin 6-9 weeks
- anticonvulsants
- ACEi
- lithium
14
Q
when is warfarin risk
A
6-9 weeks - facial defects
15
Q
4 anticonvulsants and their risks
A
- carbamazepin - 1% risk of NTD
- lamotragine - no effects
- valproic acid - 2% risk of NTD, others possible
- phenytoin (dilantin) - craniofacial, impaired growth - 10%
