Calcium basics Flashcards

1
Q

Where are hormones created

A

endocrine glands/cels

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2
Q

what stims the release of hormones

A

stimuli (metabolite, hormones, neurotransmitter)

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3
Q

3 main types of hormones

A
  1. peptide/protein (3+ AAs)
  2. steroid (from cholesterol)
  3. amine (single AA)
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4
Q

where in cell are peptide hormones created

A

DNA>mRNA>ER (translated)>golgi>secreted

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5
Q

how is cholesterol turned into steroid hormones

A

enzymes (in mitochondria and smooth ER)

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6
Q

2 things that determine the biological activity of hormones

A
  1. target cell - what is does

2. metabolism (liver, kidney)

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7
Q

where are Ca and P ions most concentrated

A

Ca - extracellular

P - intracellular

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8
Q

what happens to most Ca injested

A

feces

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9
Q

what % are the 2 bone types

A

80% compact

20% spongy

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10
Q

what % Ca turnover per year for adult and children

A

adult - 18%

child - 100%

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11
Q

what bone cell incr. Ca and how

A

osteoclast -creates acidic env,

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12
Q

what regulates osteoclast diff.

A

osteoblasts

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13
Q

what signal does blast use to tell clast to diff.

A

RANKL on blast to RANK on clast

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14
Q

what can be used to block RANKL ligand

A

OPG - no clast diff.

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15
Q

what are 2 main promoters of RANKL

A
  1. calcitriol

2. PTH

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16
Q

which 3 hormones control plasma Ca

A
  1. PTH
  2. Calcitriol
  3. Calcitonin
17
Q

3 target sites of these hormones

A
  1. bones
  2. kidneys
  3. digestive tract
18
Q

where is PTH produces

A

parathyroid

19
Q

half life of PTH

20
Q

2 funstions of PTH

A
  1. nicrease plasma Ca

2. reduce plasma Ph

21
Q

what is PTH stim

A

low Ca or high Ph

22
Q

what does PTH do to bone

A

increase RANKL>more clast>bone resorbtion

23
Q

what does PTH do to kidney

A

increase Ca reabsrb

  1. inrc. calcitriol
  2. lower Ph reabsrob
24
Q

what are calcitriol effects in intestine

A

increase Ca transport into body

25
what are calcitriol effects in kidney
Ca reabsorb via TRPV5
26
what are calcitriol effects in bone
incr blast, but also RANKL so more clasts
27
where is calcitonin made and half life
thyroid and 10 mins
28
what are effects of calcitonin in bone and kidney
bone - inhibit clast | kidney - incr. Ca excretion