Nutrition in infancy Flashcards
what is WHO BF reccomendation
BF exclusive for first 6 months
2 big reasons for BF
- compostion - has all the good things
2. immunity - lower otititis, gastro, RSV, asthma
other reasons to breastfeed
- lower SIDS
- allergies
- obesity prevention
- benefots to mother
- $
- green
what is colostrum
- liquid gold
- first 24-48 hours
- rich in proteins and AB
2 portions of breastmilk
foremilk - CHO, protein, low fat
hindmilk - rich in fat
what is breatmilk missing
vit D
bb and maternal BF contraindication
bb- galactosemia
mom - drugs, HIV, TB
what is ONLY alternative to BF
formula
3 types of formula
- powder - 1 scoop/2oz
- ready to feed
- liquid concentrate
*key to mixing
0.67kcal/ml
4 different formula types and their indications
- cow’s milk - heathy BB
- thickened - happy spitters
- lactose free cow - lactose intolerant
- soy bases - vegans, galactosemia
- energy needs for 0-6mo and 6-12mo
0-6 - 100 cal/kg/day
6-12 - 80 cal/kg/day
2 alternate milks and when they may be introduced
homo - 9-12mo to 2 yo
skim > 2years
what is milk baby and treatment
too much milk
- iron def. anemia
- restrict milk intake
5 incomplete milks
rice, goat, evap, almond, coco
max amount of juice
1/2cup (4-6oz) per days
causes of dental caries
- lack of flouride - bottled water
- honey dip
- no bottle at night
- brush
- dentist
effects of Fe def.
irreversible cog. deficits
when does Fe need to be given by
6 months - stores used up
4 risk facotrs of Fe def.
- breast fed
- low/delayed intake of other Fe foods
- low vit. C
- excessive milk
3 risk factors for vit. D def.
- dark skinned
- breast fed
- winter
how much vit. D does bb need
400 IU unless getting >1000ml formula per day
4 ways to tell BB is ready for solids
- hold head up when propped to sit
- show interest in food
- tongue thrusts forward
- opens wide when food is seen coming
dev. feeding milestones
holds bottle - 6-9mo finger feed - 9-12 uses cup, spoon - 12-18mo likes eating with hands - 18-24 picky - 2-5yo knife and fork - 4-5yo
when to start on solids
4-6months with single solid food with iron
4 keys to foo safety
- seated
- supervised
- no propped bottle
- reduce choking risk - no little things under 4yo
how has obesity changes in children
tripled in last 30 years
3 factors involved in obesity
- screen time
- less active
- super sized quant
what is key to weight loss
not diet
- healthy eating and physical activity
5 As to approach obesity
Ask - for permission to talk about Assess - risk factors and motivation Advice - goal setting with advice Agree - on plan Arrange - follow up
