Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Botany > Sympathomimetics > Flashcards

Sympathomimetics Flashcards

1
Q

 Constitute a group of drugs used for
Cardiovascular
Respiratory
Other conditions

A

adrenomimetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Type of adrenomimetics based on mode of action
 Bind to and activate the adrenoceptors
 Result to sympathetic stimulation

A

DIRECT-ACTING SYMPATHOMIMETICS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

INDIRECT-ACTING SYMPATHOMIMETICS

 Displacement of stored cathecolamines in the synapse

A

releasers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

example of releasers

A

tyramine, amphetamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

INDIRECT-ACTING SYMPATHOMIMETICS

Inhibit the reuptake of cathecolamines by nerve terminals

A

Reuptake inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

example of Reuptake inhibitors

A

Cocaine, tricyclic antidepressants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q 
	Constitute a third class of adrenoceptors
	Drugs mentioned have little effect on dopamine receptors
	May act as a potent dopamine receptor agonist itself
	Intermediate doses activate beta receptors
	Large doses activate alpha receptors
A

DOPAMINE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

dopamine

Intermediate doses activate – receptors

A

beta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

dopamine

Large doses activate –receptors

A

dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

 Drug preferentially binds to one subgroup of receptors at concentrations too low to interact with another receptor

A

RECEPTOR SELECTIVITY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

 Parent compound of sympathetic drug

A

phenylethylamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

effect of Increasing the size of alkyl substituents

A

Enhanced activity for beta 2 receptors

Lowers alpha receptor activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

 Methyl substitution on NE yields —-
Effect:
Enhanced activity for beta 2 receptors

A

epinephrine

Effect: Enhanced activity for beta 2 receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

 Isopropyl substitution on NE yields

A

isoproterenol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

 -OH groups at the C? and C? positions yield cathecolamines

A

c3 and c4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

effect of  Absence of one or both –OH group

A

Increases bioavailability after oral administration
 COMT resistant
 Increase distribution to the CNS
 Amphetamine and ephedrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

effect of C. Substitution on the alpha carbon

 Add methyl group

A

MAO resistant

Amphetamine and ephedrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

effect of D. Substitution on the beta carbon

 Add OH group

A

Facilitates activation of adrenoceptors
For storage of cathecolamines
Direct-acting sympathomimetics
Dopamine does not contain beta-OH group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

does dopamine contain a beta-OH group

A

Dopamine does not contain beta-OH group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

comparative competency for alpha receptors

A

E > NE> isoproterenol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

receptor responsible for
Increase in phosphatidyl inositol (IP3)
Release of calcium

A

alpha 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

receptor responsible for decrease cAMP

A

D1 and alpha 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

comparative competency BETA RECEPTOR ACTIVATION

A

Isoproterenol > epinephrine > NE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

receptors responsible for increase cAMP

A

B1, B2, B3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Penetrates the CNS producing stimulant effects

A

Amphetamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

ORGAN SYSTEM EFFECTS
B. EYE

A

Pupillary dilator responds with mydriasis
 Accommodation is not significantly affected
 Alpha agonists reduce intraocular pressure by increasing outflow of aqueous humor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

—- agonists reduce intraocular pressure by increasing outflow of aqueous humor

A

Alpha

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

ALPHA agonists reduce intraocular pressure by

A

increasing outflow of aqueous humor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

EFFECT OF BETA ANTAGONISTS IN AQUEOUS HUMOR

A

 Beta antagonists decrease production of aqueous humor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

ORGAN SYSTEM EFFECTS

BRONCHI

A

C. BRONCHI
 Marked relaxation of the smooth muscles of the bronchi
 Most efficacious and reliable for reversing bronchospasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

 Well endowed with both alpha and beta receptors
 Located on the smooth muscles and neurons of the enteric nervous system

A

GIT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

WHAT ORGAN

Activation of either receptors leads to the relaxation of the smooth muscles

A

GIT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

—- agonist causes uterine relaxation in pregnancy

A

Beta2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Responsible for Vasoconstriction

A

Alpha1 agonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

agonists that can reduce PVR and BP

A

beta2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

causes vasodilatation in the splanchnic and renal vascular beds

A

Dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

 Well supplied with beta1 and beta2 receptors

A

G. HEART

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

 increases renin release

A

Beta1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

increases insulin secretion (gluconeogenesis)

A

Beta2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Stimulate lipolysis

A

beta3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

 Drug of choice for the immediate treatment of anaphylactic shock
 Rapid acting
 Pressor agent
 Used for cardiac arrest

A

EPINEPHRINE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

 Narcolepsy
 Attention deficit disorder
 With appropriate control, weight reduction

A

PHENYLISOPROPYLAMINES (AMPHETAMINES)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

 Used topically to produce mydriasis
 Used to reduce conjunctival itching and congestion caused by irritation
and allergy

A

PHENYLEPHRINE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

 Drugs of choice in the treatment of acute asthmatic attacks (3)

A

TERBUTALINE, ALBUTEROL, METAPROTERENOL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

 Long-acting

 Recommended for prophylaxis of asthma

A

SALMETEROL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

? agonists maybe useful in situations like Acute cardiac failure, Some types of shock

A

Beta1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

? agonists are useful in situations in which vasoconstriction is needed

48
Q

 Used to suppress premature labor

 Cardiac stimulant effect may be hazardous to both mother and fetus

A

RITODRINE, TERBUTALINE

49
Q

 Long-acting oral sympathomimetic usedto improve urinary incontinence in children and the elderly with enuresis
 Mediated by the alpha receptors in the trigone of the bladder

50
Q

 Pressor agent
 Cardiac arrest
 Anaphylactic shock

A

EPINEPHRINE

51
Q

 Potent vasodilator

A

ISOPROTERENOL

52
Q

 Congestive heart failure

 Inotropic effect

A

DOBUTAMINE

53
Q

 Inotropic effect
 Lower doses cause renal vasodilation
 Higher doses cause vasoconstriction

54
Q

catecholamines

A

dopamine, dobutamine, isoproterenol, epinephrine, norepinephrine

55
Q

 Pressor agent
 Mydriatic
 Decongestant

A

PHENYLEPHRINE

56
Q

 Pressor agent, limited clinical application

 IV form only

A

METHOXAMINE

57
Q

 Pressor agent

 Orthostatic hypotension

58
Q

 DRIXINE (brand name)

 Topical decongestants

A

OXYMETAZOLINE, XYLOMETAZOLINE

59
Q

 Bronchial asthma

A

TERBUTALINE

60
Q

 Inhibits premature labor

61
Q

 Local vasoconstrictive

 Anesthetic effect

62
Q

 Byproduct of tyrosine
 Increase BP
 Found in fermented food
Cheese and wine

63
Q

Not advised for patients taking MAO inhibitors

64
Q

Toxicity of sympathomimetic drugs speciifically endogenous catecholamines

A

 Limited penetration to the brain
 Little CNS toxicity when given systemically
 In the periphery

65
Q

Toxicity in the peripheral vasculature

A

Excessive vasoconstriction
Cardiac arrhythmias
Myocardial infarction
Pulmonary edema or hemorrhage

66
Q

? agonists cause hypertension

67
Q

? agonists cause sinus tachycardia

and serious arrhythmia

68
Q

? agonists cause skeletal muscle tremor

69
Q

? agonists cause skeletal muscle tremor

70
Q

α1 Most vascular smooth muscle

A

Contracts (↑ vascular resistance)

71
Q

Pupillary dilator muscle

α1

A

Contracts (mydriasis)

72
Q

Pilomotor smooth muscle

α1

A

Contracts (erects hair)

73
Q

Liver (in some species, eg, rat)

α1

A

Stimulates glycogenolysis

74
Q

Adrenergic and cholinergic nerve terminals

A

Inhibits transmitter release

75
Q

Platelets α2

A

Stimulates aggregation

76
Q

Some vascular smooth muscle α2

77
Q

Fat cells α2

A

Inhibits lipolysis

78
Q

α2

Pancreatic β (B) cells

A

Inhibits insulin release

79
Q

β1 Heart

A

Stimulates rate and force

80
Q

β1Juxtaglomerular cells of kidney

A

Stimulates renin release

81
Q

Beta 2 Airways, uterine, and vascular smooth muscle

82
Q

Liver (human) Beta 2

A

Stimulates glycogenolysis

83
Q

Pancreatic β (B) cells Beta 2

A

Stimulates insulin release

84
Q

Somatic motor neuron terminals (voluntary muscle) Beta 2

A

Causes tremor

85
Q

Heart Beta 2

A

Stimulates rate and force

86
Q

β3 Fat cells

A

Stimulates lipolysis

87
Q

Dopamine1 (D1) Renal and other splanchnic blood vessels

A

Dilates (↓ resistance)

88
Q

Dopamine2 (D2) Nerve terminals

A

Inhibits adenylyl cyclase

89
Q

mechanism of action of E

A

α1, α2, β1, β2, β3 agonist

90
Q

mechanism of action of NE

A

α1, α2, β1, agonist

91
Q

mechanism of action of Dopamine

A

D1, α1, α2, β1, β2, β3 agonist

92
Q

mechanism of action of Isoproterenol:

A

β1, β2, β3 agonist;

93
Q

mechanism of action of Dobutamine:

A

β1 agonist

94
Q

mechanism of action of PHENYLEPHRINE

A

α1, α2 agonist

95
Q

mechanism of action of Albuterol, metaproterenol, terbutaline

A

β2 agonist

96
Q

Displaces stored
catecholamines from nerve
endings

A

Amphetamine,

methamphetamine

97
Q

Very high addiction
liability. Hypertension,
arrhythmias, seizures

98
Q

Displaces stored catecholamines

No clinical use but found in fermented foods

99
Q

An α-agonist drug that reduces conjunctival, nasal, or oropharyngeal mucosal
vasodilation by constricting blood vessels in the submucosal tissue

A

decongestant

100
Q 
A  derivative (eg, norepinephrine, epinephrine), a relatively
polar molecule that is readily metabolized by catechol-O-methyltransferase
A

Catecholamine

101
Q

catecholamine is derived from

A

dihydroxyphenylethylamine

102
Q

A derivative of phenylisopropylamine (eg, amphetamine, ephedrine). Unlike
catecholamines, they usually have oral activity, a long half-life,
CNS activity, and cause release of stored catecholamines

A

Phenylisopropylamine

103
Q

A drug that mimics stimulation of the sympathetic autonomic nervous system

A

Sympathomimetic

104
Q

An indirect-acting drug that increases the activity of transmitters in the synapse by
inhibiting their reuptake into the presynaptic nerve ending. May act selectively on
noradrenergic, serotonergic, or both types of nerve endings

A

Reuptake inhibitor

105
Q

 Present in the mitochondria in the adrenergic nerve endings
 Inactivates portion of dopamine and norepinephrine in the cytoplasm

A

MONOAMINE OXIDASE (MAO)

106
Q

 May increase the stores of these transmitters and other amines in
the nerve endings

A

MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS

107
Q

 Single prototype with effects at all receptors
 Alpha1 and alpha2
 Beta1,beta2 and beta3

A

EPINEPHRINE

108
Q 
 Not a cathecolamine
 Resistant to MAO
 Resistant to COMT
 Orally active
 Enter the CNS
 Longer effects
A

AMPHETAMINES

109
Q

Signaling mechanism of adrenoceptors

A

 G-protein coupled
 Need a 2nd messenger to induce
sympathetic effect

110
Q

ALPHA SELECTIVE

alpha1 > alpha2

A

 PHENYLEPHRINE

111
Q

ALPHA SELECTIVE

alpha2 > alpha1

112
Q

MIXED (activates both alpha and beta)
alpha1 = alpha2
beta1> beta2

113
Q

MIXED (activates both alpha and beta)
alpha1 = alpha2
beta1 = beta2

A

EPINEPHRINE

114
Q

beta1 > beta2

A

DOBUTAMINE

115
Q

beta2 > beta1

A

TERBUTALINE

116
Q

beta1 = beta2

A

ISOPROTERENOL

Botany (324 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions