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Botany > HEMA LEC - Intro Lecture > Flashcards

HEMA LEC - Intro Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

• 2 Types of PMN

A

o PMN – mature and segmented

o Neutrophilic bands - immature

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2
Q

– immature PMN

A

bands/ Neutrophilic bands

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3
Q

o Shift to the left –

A

immature

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4
Q

o Shift to the right -

A

mature

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5
Q

• with bright orange granules filled with antihistamine

A

Eosinophils

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6
Q

caused by bacterial infection

A

Neutrophilia:

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7
Q

long term drug administration

A

Neutropenia:

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8
Q

theoretical/unused, decrease of eosinophil

A

• Eosinopenia:

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9
Q

allergy, parasitism, increase of eosinophils

A

• Eosinophilia:

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10
Q

•

rare, hematologic disease (leukemia)

A

• Basophilia:

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11
Q

With dark blue granules that obscure the nucleus

A

basophils

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12
Q
  • Big round nucleus, thin rim of cytoplasm

* Slightly larger than RBCs

A

lymphocytes

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13
Q

• viral infection

A

Lymphocytosis:

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14
Q

long term drug administration, immunodeficiency

A

Lymphopenia/lymphocytopenia

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15
Q

• Phagocytosis, presentation of epitopes

A

monocytes

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16
Q

• Macrophage in tissues

A

monocytes

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17
Q

• Slightly larger than other WBCs

A

monocytes

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18
Q

rare hematologic disorder

A

• Monocytosis:

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19
Q

theoretical disease of monocytes

A

• Monocytopenia:

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20
Q
  • Pieces of a bone marrow cell called megakaryocyte
  • Function to stop bleeding by forming a plug and releases coagulation factors (controls hemostasis)
  • Forms thrombus (clot)
A

platelet

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21
Q

platelet capable of

A

adhesion, aggregation, secretion

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22
Q

• 2-4u, oval, anucleated, slightly granular

A

platelet

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23
Q

• Reference range of plt

A

150 – 450 K/cu. Mm

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24
Q

• High MPV means

A

regenerative BM response to platelet consumption

25
Q

inflammation, trauma

•

A

Thrombocytosis

26
Q

: consequence of treatment

A

Thrombocytopenia

27
Q

HEMATOLOGY TESTS/EXAMINATIONS

A
  1. Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
  2. Reticulocyte Count
  3. Peripheral Blood Examination
  4. Sickle Cell Testing
  5. Osmotic Fragility Test (OFT)
  6. Coagulation Tests include
28
Q
  1. Coagulation Tests include
A

a. Prothrombin Time
b. Partial Thromboplastin Time
c. Fibrinogen
d. Factor Analysis

29
Q

ADVANCED HEMA PROCEDURES

A
  1. BM Examination
  2. Cytogenic analysis
  3. Molecular assay
  4. Cytochemical stains (differentiate abnormal cells)
  5. Flow cytometry
30
Q

– decreased platelets, patients may have bleeding problems

-associated with dengue

A

Thrombocytopenia

31
Q

• Ex. haemophilia, sickle cell anemia, G6PD deficiency, thalassemias

A

Inherited haematological diseases

32
Q

Methods of Blood Collection

A
  1. Skin puncture

2. Veni

33
Q
  1. Skin puncture

• Blood sample collected = ?

A

peripheral blood instead of capillary blood

34
Q

• A mixture of capillary, venous, arterial blood with interstitial and intracellular fluid
•

A

peripheral blood instead of capillary blood

35
Q

peripheral blood Different from venous blood because of admixing of tissue juice which leads to the following: (levels of Hct, Hgb, RBC, Plt, WBC)

A

low Hct,, Hgb, RBC ct, Pit & high WBC

36
Q

disadv of skin punc (3)

A
  • Less amount can be obtained
  • Additional and repeated test cannot be done
  • Hemolyses easily (rupture of RBC)
37
Q

skin punc sites

A

A. Finger (middle or ring)

B. Earlobe

C. Heel or big toe

38
Q

puncture sites

• lateral palmar surface perpendicular to fingerprints (will follow structure of fingerprints)

A

finger (middle or ring)

39
Q
  • for less than 1 y/o

* Lateral portion of the plantar surface of the heel

A

heel

40
Q

puncture site

• Ideal for peripheral smears

A

finger (middle or ring)

41
Q

puncture sites
• Can be arteriolized by: heat (44C), slight flicking with index finger until definite flushing & chemical means (Trefuril paste)

A

earlobe

42
Q

puncture sites
• less free nerve ending, less pain, less tissue juice
• More free flow of blood

A

earlobe

43
Q

puncture sites

• Ideal when searching for abnormal cells (histiocytes in bacterial endocarditis)

A

earlobe

44
Q

Less intimidating puncture site

A

finger (middle or ring)

45
Q

puncture site that isAccessible and easy to manipulate

A

finger (middle or ring)

46
Q

D. Sites to Avoid

A
  • Inflamed & pallor areas
  • Cold & cyanotic areas
  • Congested and edematous areas
  • Scarred & heavily calloused areas
47
Q

lancet must pass through the

A

dermal subcutaneous junction

48
Q

length of lancet for newborns

A

not more than 2.4mm

49
Q
  1. Venipuncture

• Blood sample collected =

A

venous blood

50
Q

manner of inserting a needle attached to a syringe to a palpable vein to collect blood for lab testing

A

veni

51
Q

most widely used blood sample in all lab tests not just in hematology

A

venous blood –

52
Q

• 3 factors involved in good collection

A

o Phlebotomist
o Patients and his/her veins
o Equipment needed

53
Q

Phlebotomy Complication

A
  1. Vascular
  2. Infection
  3. Cardiovascular
  4. Anemia
  5. Neurological
  6. Dermatological
54
Q

Venipuncture Complications

1. Local immediate

A

a. Hemoconcentration

b. Failure of blood to enter the syringe

55
Q

Venipuncture Complications

3. General delayed complication

A

a. Infections

56
Q

Venipuncture Complications

2. Local delayed

A

a. Hematoma
b. Thrombosis of the vein
c. thrombophlebitis

57
Q

Disadvantages of evacuated tube method

A

 Requires more time & skill on the part of the phlebotomist
 Requires more equipment
 More complications may arise
 Difficult to do in infants, children & obese individuals

58
Q

EVACUATED TUBE METHOD

Advantages

A

 Large amount can be obtained
 Can be transported and stored for future use
 Additional & repeated tests can be done
 Fastest method of collecting sample which requires various anticoagulation
 Ideal for clinical chemistry & other serological tests

Botany (324 decks)

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