CM LEC - Synovial Fluid Flashcards by Carmina Mislang

Q

Often referred as “joint fluid”

-

A

synovial fluid

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Q

A viscous fluid found in the cavities of the movable

joints (diarthroses) or synovial joints

A

synovial fluid

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Q

Contained in a cavity that separates the articular cartilage which lines the bones in the synovial joints

A

synovial fluid

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Q

lines the bones in the synovial joints

A

articular cartilage

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Q

synovial fluid is found in

A

cavities of the movable

joints (diarthroses) or synovial joints

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Q

other name of synovial fluid

A

joint fluid

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Q

bones in synovial joints are separated by a ___

this __ also contains the synovial fluid

A

cavity

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Q

2 parts of synovial joint which reduce the friction between bones during joint movement

A

smooth articular cartilage

synovial fluid

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Q

Provides nutrients to the articular cartilage

A

synovial fluid

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Q

lessens the shock of compression occurring during activities such as walking & jogging

A

synovial fluid

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Q

Formed as an ultrafiltrate of plasma across the synovial membrane

A

synovial fluid

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Q

specificity of filtration of synovial fluid

A

nonselective filtration except for high molecular weight proteins

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Q

most of the chemical constituents of synovial fluid is similar to ___ values due to the nonselective filtration of synovial fluid

A

plasma

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Q

Viscosity is caused by the secreted mucopolysaccharide containing ___ of the synoviocytes

A

hyaluronic acid

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Q

specialized cells of synovial fluid

A

synoviocytes

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Q

hyaluronic acid in the mucoploysaccharide causes __

A

viscosity

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Q

damage to the articular membranes that

produces pain & stiffness in the joints

A

Arthritis

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Q

joint disorders classification

Microbial infection

A

septic

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Q

joint disorders classification

Degenerative joint disorder

A

non inflammatory

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Q

joint disorders classification

Crystal induced gout & pseudogout

A

inflammatory

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Q

joint disorders classification

Immunologic problems, including rheumatoid arthritis & lupus erythematosus

A

inflammatory

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Q

joint disorders classification

Traumatic injury

A

hemorrhagic

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Q

joint disorders classification

Coagulation deficiencies

A

hemorrhagic

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Q

Most frequently performed tests (5)

A

	WBC count
	Differential
	Gram stain
	Culture
	Polarized microscopy examination for crystals

Q

synovial fluid Collected by ___

A

needle aspiration (arthrocentesis)

Q

Amount of fluid present varies with __ (2)

A

joint size &

degree of fluid build up in the joint

Q

sx collection and handling

_____ collected should be recorded

A

Volume of liquid

Q

does normal SF clot or not?

A

Normal synovial fluid does not clot

Q

Fluid is usually collected in a __ moistened with heparin

A

syringe

Q

Fluid is usually collected in a syringe moistened with __

A

heparin

Q

Sufficient fluid is distributed into 3 tubes

A

#1- sterile heparinized: microbiology lab
#2 – liquid EDTA tube: hematology lab
#3 – nonanticoagulated tube: other tests

Q

tube # 1 lab

A

microbio

Q

tube #2 lab

A

hema

Q

tube #3 lab

A

*other tests

Q

tube #1 contains what type of specimen

A

sterile heparinized

Q

tube #2 contains what type of specimen

A

liquid EDTA tube

Q

tube #3 contains what type of specimen

A

nonanticoagulated

Q

Powdered coagulants should not be used because they may produce ___ that will interfere with crystal analyses

A

artifacts

Q

____ should not be used because they may produce artifacts that will interfere with crystal analyses

A

Powdered coagulants

Q

artifacts interfere with what analysis

A

crystal

Q

All testing should be done as soon as possible to

prevent (2)

A

cellular lysis & possible changes in crystals

Q

Appearance & Viscosity
 Normal - ?



 Milky – presence of crystals

A

clear & pale yellow

Q

 Deeper yellow -

A

presence of inflammation

Q

Greenish

A

bacterial infection

Q

Turbidity (3)

A

presence of WBCs
synovial cell debris
fibrin

Q

 Milky

A

presence of crystals

Q

property of SF essential for proper lubrication

A

viscosity

Q

viscosity caused by __ of hyaluronic acid

A

polymerization

Q

condition which decreases viscosity

A

arthritis

Q

simplest method to measure viscosity is the ______

A

ability of the fluid to form a string from the tip of a syringe

Q

Normal string measures ?? cm

A

4 to 6cm

Q

used to measure the degree of hyaluronate

polymerization aside from the string test

A

Ropes, or Mucin Clot Tests

Q

in the mucin clot test, normal synovial test is added to a solution of __

A

2-5% acetic acid

Q

normal result in the mucin clot test

A

solid clot

surrounded by clear fluid

Q

Synovial fluid lactate

- provide rapid differentiation between _____

A

inflammatory & septic arthritis

Q

> 250 mg/dl lactate levels is seen in what types of arthritis

A

septic, rheumatoid

Q

serologic test is used for diagnosis of ____

A

joint disorders

Q

Rheumatoid arthritis &lupus erythromatosus are diagnosed by demonstrating WHAT

A

the presence of their particular antibodies in the patient’s serum

Q

Demostration of antibodies to the causative agent Borrelia burgdorgeri in the patient’s serum can ___

A

confirm the cause of the arthritis