HEMA 2 LEC - Cytochemistry Flashcards
In vitro staining of cells that allows microscopic examination of the cell’s chemical composition
Cytochemistry
Differentiate cell lineage of blasts in acute leukemia
Cytochemistry
are used if constituents are sensitive to heat, light, storage, and processing techniques
Fresh smears
can be used for stable constituents
Aged specimens
Types of Cytochemical Staining
Enzymatic
NonEnzymatic
Stains alkaline phosphatase present in the neutrophil
Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase Stain
Used to differentiate
Chronic myelogenous leukemia from leukemoid reaction
Polycythemia vera from secondary erythrocytosis
Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase Stain
Normal range LAP
30-185
Stains peroxidase in granules of neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes
Myeloperoxidase Stain
Used to differentiate AML and AMML from ALL (2)
Myeloperoxidase Stain
Sudan Black B Stain
Show similar results with Sudan Black B stain
Myeloperoxidase Stain WHEN Used to differentiate AML and AMML from ALL
Peroxidase activity is ___ in Mature neutrophils in CML
inc
Peroxidase activity is ___ in Infection, AML, myelodysplastic conditions
decreased
Differentiate acute leukemias that are myeloid (M1, M2. M3) from monocytic origin (M5)
Esterases
Stains mucoproteins, glycoproteins, and HMW carbohydrates in all cells except pronormoblast
Periodic Acid-Schiff
Used for the diagnosis of ALL, some subtypes of AML, and DiGuglielmo’s disease
Periodic Acid-Schiff
PAS Reactions
Granulocytes
Intensity of stain increases as cells mature
PAS Reactions
Megakaryocytes
Finely diffuse stain
PAS Reactions
Platelets
Intensely red pink
PAS Reactions
M6
Early erythroblast –
course and granular
PAS Reactions
M6 Late erythroblast –
diffusely positive
Lipids like sterols, phospholipids, neutral fats in monocytes and granulocytes
Sudan Black B Stain
WHAT STAIN
Hairy cell leukemia
Acid phosphatase stain (with tartrate resistance
WHAT STAIN
Differentiate granulocytic from monocytic leukemia
Nonspecific esterase stain (with fluoride inhibition)
WHAT STAIN
Esterases in granulocytic cells
Chloroacetate esterase stain
WHAT STAIN
Screening procedure for metabolic defects in neutrophil
Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT)
Dec LAP Activity
CML - Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Sickle Cell Anemia Sideroblastic Leukemia Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria Marked eosinophilia Infectious Mononucleosis
Inc LAP Activity (LIP PC MOHAM)
Leukemoid reaction Infection pregnancy (last trimester) polycythemia vera corticosteroid therapy myelosclerosis obstructive jaundice hodgkin's disease aplastic leukemia multiple myeloma
Normal LAP activity (LUVS)
Untreated hemolytic anemia
Lymphosarcoma
Viral hepatitis
Secondary erythrocytosis
LAP Score
0
No staining
LAP Score
1+
faint and diffuse staining
LAP Score
2+
pale with moderate blue staining
LAP Score
3+
strong blue precipitated staining
LAP Score
4+
deep blue or brilliant staining with no visible cytoplasm
Myeloperoxidase Stain stains granules in which cells
neutrophils, eosinophils and monocytes
appearance of basophil and lymphocyte with myeloperoxidase stain
unstained
Periodic Acid-Schiff Stains _____ (3) in all cells except pronormoblast
mucoproteins, glycoproteins, and HMW carbohydrates
PAS used in the dx of (3)
ALL, some subtypes of AML, and DiGuglielmo’s disease
PAS Rxns of lymphocytes in all
vary staining pattern, may be coarse or fine diffuse
PAS rxns of L3 or Burkitt
PAS negative
PAS negative
L3 or Burkitt
Sudan Black B stain stains Lipids like sterols, phospholipids, neutral fats in what cells (2)
monocytes and granulocytes
