PLANT FORM AND FUNCTION PART 1 Flashcards
Covers and protects the plant body
Dermal tissue system
Makes up the bulk of the plant body; functions include photosynthesis and food storage
Ground tissue system
Distributes water and nutrients to a plant body
Vascular tissue system
- analogous to our skin
- protection
Dermal T.S.
- circulatory system
- conduct water, minerals and food
Vascular T.S.
- support tissue
Ground T.S.
Cells are pliable, thin walled, many sided
Cells remain alive at maturity
Parenchyma
Cells are elongated
walls (especially the corners) thickened with cellulose
make stems strong but pliable
cells are alive at maturity
Collenchyma
Cells have thick, lignified walls and are dead at maturity
Sclerenchyma
Two types of sclerenchyma
Two types:
Fibers: Long, tapered cells
Sclereids: Stubbier cell
Distributes water and dissolved mineral ions through tubes consisting of interconnected, perforated walls of tracheids and vessel members (cells that are dead at maturity)
xylem
Distributes sugars through a plant body; connect end-to-end at sieve plates, forming sieve tubes Parenchyma cells (companion cells) load sugars into sieve tubes
phloem
- water conducting cells
- long and tapering
- secondary walls contain pits
tracheids
- transport water and
minerals more rapidly
- wider, shorter and less
tapered
- carry much water and
minerals
- contain perforation plates
a. Allow water to flow
b. Support pits
– allow lateral flow of water from vessel to vesselvessel members
Outer tissue layer, usually a single layer of cells
Secretes a waxy cuticle that protects the plant and conserves water
Includes specialized cells, such as pairs on leaves that form stomata and trichomes
epidermis
specialized dermal cells
trichomes and stomata
specialized dermal cells
hair like extensions of the epidermis
protection
prevent excessive loss of water
trichomes
specialized dermal cells
pore/opening present
close to prevent
water loss
Guard cellsstomata
fundamental tissue system
consists of all the tissues other than the
vascular tissue and dermal tissue
ground tissue
3 types of cells in ground tissue
a. parenchyma – predominates
b. collenchyma
c. sclerenchyma
Seed leaf; contains food for the plant embryo
cotyledon
Multistranded, sheathed cords of primary xylem and phloem that thread lengthwise through the ground tissue system of stems, leaves, and roots
vascular bundle
sugar factories with many photosynthetic cells
leaves
One of a pair of cells that define a stoma across the lower epidermis of a leaf
guard cell
Zone of undifferentiated cells that divide rapidly
meristem
Growth from apical meristems in root and shoot tips; terminal buds at shoot tips are the main zone of primary growth
primary growth
In shoot and root tips, mass of undifferentiated cells just beneath a terminal bud’s surface, the division of which lengthens plant parts
apical meristem
Cylindrical array of primary xylem and phloem in a root; sheathed by pericycle (parenchyma) that forms lateral roots
vascular cylinder
w/ large main root (taproot) - develops from the radicle - produce branch roots (lateral roots) ex. dicots, gymnosperms
tap root system
- epiphytes
- absorb water from
air
ex. orchids
adventitious roots
vertical and short underground stem
corm
example of corm
gabi or taro
coiling stem support
tendrils
Forms protective covering on older stems and roots
Periderm
