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Botany > pharmaco - chapter 5 > Flashcards

pharmaco - chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

major involuntary, unconscious, autonomic portion of the nervous system
-contrasts in several ways with the somatic nervous system

A

ANS

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2
Q

– major pathway for information transmission from CNS to the involuntary effector tissues

A

Motor (efferent) portion of ANS

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3
Q

2 Major Subdivisions of ANS:

A
  1. PANS

2. SANS

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4
Q

– semiautonomic part of the ANS located in the GI tract

-consists of myenteric plexus or plexus of Auerbach and the submucous plexus of plexus of Meissner

A

ENS

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5
Q

SYMPATHETIC (SANS) Preganglionic fibers originate from:

A
  • Thoracic (T1-T12) segments of the cord

* Lumbar (L1-L5) segments of the cord

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6
Q

PARASYMPATHETIC (PANS) Preganglionic motor fibers originate from

A
  • Cranial nerve nuclei III, VII, IX and X

* Sacral segments (S2-S4)

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7
Q

Sympathetic or para

Most of the ganglia are located in 2 paravertebral chains that lie along the spinal cord

A

SYMPATHETIC

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8
Q

Sympathetic or para

Preganglionic fibers are short and the postganglionic fibers are long

A

SYMPATHETIC

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9
Q

• Most of the ganglia are located in the organs innervated, most distant from the spinal cord

A

PARASYMPATHETIC

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10
Q

• Preganglionic fibers are long and the postganglionic fibers are short

A

PARASYMPATHETIC

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11
Q
  • A nerve ending that releases acetylcholine as the primary transmitter
  • Also a synapse in which acetylcholine is the primary transmitter
A

CHOLINERGIC

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12
Q

primary transmitter in all autonomic ganglia and at the synapses between the parasympathetic ganglia and their effector cells

A

Ach

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13
Q

• All postganglionic parasympathetic fibers are

A

cholinergic

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14
Q

• A few postganglionic sympathetic fibers are

A

cholinergic

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15
Q

• All preganglionic fibers are

A

cholinergic

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16
Q

• Ach Synthesis Enzyme:

A

choline acetyltransferase

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17
Q

Ach is synthesized from

A

Acetyl-coA+choline

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18
Q

Rate-limiting step of Ach synthesis:

A

transport of choline into nerve terminal

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19
Q

• Inhibits transport/synthesis of ACh into the cell

A

HEMICHOLINIUM

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20
Q

• Inhibits storage of ACh into the vesicle

A

VESAMICOL

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21
Q
  • Inhibits the release of Ach

* Prevents contraction of muscles

A

BOTULINUM TOXIN

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22
Q

• A nerve ending that releases norepinephrine as the primary transmitter

A

ADRENERGIC

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23
Q

• Also a synapse in which norepinephrine is the primary transmitter

A

ADRENERGIC

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24
Q

• Most postganglionic sympathetic fibers are

A

adrenergic

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25
Q

• Most postganglionic sympathetic fibers are adrenergic except for

A

sweat glands, thermoregulatory center, arrector pili

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26
Q
  • Adrenal cortex and medulla
  • Ductless gland that functions as a ganglion
  • Postganglionic fibers are cholinergic
A

ADRENAL GLAND

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27
Q

• Inhibits the synthesis of NE

A

METYROSINE

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28
Q
  • Inhibits the storage of NE

* Anti-hypertensive agent

A

RESERPINE

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29
Q
  • Inhibits release of NE

* Used to lower blood pressure

A

GUANETHEDINE

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30
Q
  • Inhibits metabolism of NE

* Vasoconstriction, higher BP

A

MAO I

Monoamine oxidase

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31
Q

what is the effect of reserpine to blood pressure

A

lowers it

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32
Q

what is the effect of guanethedine to blood pressure

A

lowers it

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33
Q

what is the effect of MAO to blood pressure

A

Raises it

34
Q
  • Other transmitter molecules in addition to the primary agents (ACh or NE)
  • Contained in many autonomic nerves
  • Localized in the same vesicle as the primary transmitter or in a separate population of vesicles
A

COTRANSMITTERS

35
Q

function of COTRANSMITTERS

A

• Involved in the modulation of synaptic transmission

or balance

36
Q

What are the 7 cotransmitters

A

Neuropeptide Y, Enkephalin, ATP, Neurotensin, VIP, Substance P, Somatostatin

37
Q
  • Also referred as cholinergic receptors

* Respond to ACh and its analogs

A

. CHOLINOCEPTORS

38
Q

CHOLINOCEPTORS ARE Subdivided into

A
  1. MUSCARINIC receptors

2. NICOTINIC receptors

39
Q
  • Respond to muscarine (an alkaloid)
  • Respond to ACh
  • Mimics the effects of parasympathetic
A

MUSCARINIC receptors

40
Q

SIGNALING MECHANISM OF MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS

A

• G-protein coupled

41
Q

type of cholinoceptor located primary on effector cells

A

muscarinic

42
Q

M1 location

A

nerve endings

43
Q

M2 location

A

heart

44
Q

M3 location

A

effector cells, smooth muscle, exocrine glands, endothelium

45
Q
  • Respond to ACh
  • Respond to nicotine (another ACh mimic)
  • Do not respond to muscarine
A

NICOTINIC receptors

46
Q

SIGNALING MECHANISM OF NICOTINIC receptors

A

• Ligand-gated ion channel

47
Q

• 2 major subtypes OF NICOTINIC receptors

A

o Nn-neuronal (ANS ganglia)

o Nm-neuromuscular endplate (skeletal muscle)

48
Q
  • Also referred as adrenergic receptors

* Respond to NE

A

ADRENOCEPTORS

49
Q

SIGNALING MECHANISM OF ADRENOCEPTORS

A

• G-protein coupled

50
Q

ADRENOCEPTORS subdivided into

A

o ALPHA receptors

o BETA receptors

51
Q

alpha 1 receptor predom in

A

blood vessels

52
Q

alpha 2 receptor predom in

A

presynaptic cleft

53
Q

B1 receptor predom in

A

heart and kidney

54
Q

B2 receptor predom in

A

heart, liver, uterus, pancreas, smooth muscle, lungs

55
Q

B3 receptor predom in

A

fat or adipose tissue/cell

56
Q

type of integration Predominant state in any situation

A

CENTRAL INTEGRATION

57
Q
  • Ergotrophic (energy expenditure)

* ”Fight or flight” response

A

SYMPATHETIC

58
Q
  • Tropotrophic (energy saving)
  • Leading to growth
  • ”Rest and digest”
A

PARASYMPATHETIC

59
Q

Synaptic vesicles contain neurotransmitters.

With parasympathetic stimulation, — would be released.

A

Ach

60
Q

Synaptic vesicles contain neurotransmitters.

With sympathetic stimulation, — would be released.

A

NE

61
Q

ORGAN EFFECTS
EYE

sym and para

A

S: dilation of pupil
P: constriction of pupil

62
Q

term that denotes dilation of pupil

A

Mydriasis –

63
Q

term that denotes constriction of pupil

A

miosis

64
Q

ORGAN EFFECTS
HEART

sym and para

A

S: increase HR
P: decrease HR

65
Q

Most of the time, the effect of parasympathetic is opposite the effect of sympathetic because

A

most of the organs in the body are dually innervated.

66
Q

ORGAN EFFECTS
LUNGS

sym and para

A

S: bronchodilation
NE + Beta 2 – bronchodilation
P: bronchoconstriction

67
Q

What type of stimulation predominates in GIT

A

para

68
Q

What type of stimulation predominates in glands

A

para

69
Q

what happens to GIT when Overdose of parasympathetic drug =

A

diarrhea

70
Q

parasympathetic effect in the GIT

A

increased motor and secretory activites

71
Q

predominant receptor for uterus

A

Beta2

72
Q

uterus has ____receptor only

A

sympathetic, NO PARA

73
Q

If Uterus is β2, heart is also β2, what happens when NE binds to β2

A

Increase heart rate, relaxation of uterus

74
Q

in uterus, NE + β2

A

RELAXATION

75
Q

– known as the bladder muscle

A

Detrussor

76
Q

-under parasympathetic stimulation,

A

it contracts

77
Q

-under sympathetic stimulation, it will contract or relax

A

relax

78
Q

when the detrussor muscle is relaxed, what happens to ureter

A

won’t open, urine can’t get out

79
Q

type of stimulation in liver

A

sympathetic

80
Q

-all glands under the influence of

A

parasympathetic

81
Q

when parasympathetic increase in glands, what happens to amount of secretion

A

increases

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