BB Lec - Basic Concepts in Genetics Flashcards
– basic unit of genetic information, determine the inherited characters.
Gene
– the collection of genetic information.
Genome
– storage units of genes.
Chromosomes
is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions specifying the biological development of all cellular forms of life
DNA
a segment of DNA that codes for a polypeptide, blueprint of life
gene:
are dense bodies found in the nucleus of cells. They contain all the genetic information necessary to create a living being
Chromosomes
– location of a gene/marker on the chromosome.
Locus
– one variant form of a gene/marker at a particular locus.
Allele
the site on a chromosome where a particular gene is located
LOCUS
There are two major types of chromosomal damage:
Numerical abnormalities
Structural abnormalities
occur when cells lack the usual 46 pairs of chromosomes.
Numerical abnormalities
occur when cells have the usual 46 pairs of chromosomes, but the normal structure of the chromosomes has been altered.
Structural abnormalities
Sometimes a chromosome will break into two pieces. This is called a
chromosome “break.”
Sometimes one of the pieces is lost. This is called a Either the long or the small arm of a chromosome can be …
“deletion.”
Sometimes two chromosomes will break in half and the four pieces will reassemble with each other improperly. This is called a
chromosome “translocation”
The expression of a genotype is termed a
phenotype
A __ is expressed even if it is paired with a recessive allele.
dominant allele
A __ is only visible when paired with another recessive allele.
recessive allele
started the first classification system of living things in the 17th century and used the unit of “species” as its principal definition.
Carolus Linnaeus
published his epic book On the Origin of Species after many years of intense study of various and diverse life-forms.
Charles Darwin
Charles Darwin title of book
On the Origin of Species
First gen in the study
Parenteral
Pure
P1 generation
Second gen
First filial
F1
What was the trait observed in the 2nd gen
Dominant trait
Products of F2 gen
3:1
Mendel’s law
Shows that alleles of genes have no permanent effect on one another whenpresent in the same plant but segregate segregate unchanged by passing into different gametes
1st law
Law of Independent Segregation
Which Mendelian Law
Gene is passed on to the next generation on its own
Law of Independent segregation
Manner by which blood groups are inherited
Codominant manner
In —, both genes expressed and products seen at phenotypic level
One gene not dominant over its allele
Codominance
Blood grp system showing codominanxe
MNSs
