brain practical Flashcards
Personality, behavior, emotions
frontal
Judgment, planning, problem solving
frontal
Intelligence, concentration, self awareness
frontal
Body movement (motor strip)
frontal
Speech: speaking and writing (Broca’s area)
frontal
Interprets language, words
PARIETAL
Sense of touch, pain, temperature (sensory strip)
PARIETAL
Spatial and visual perception
PARIETAL
Interprets signals from vision, hearing, motor, sensory and memory
PARIETAL
Interprets vision (color, light, movement)
OCCIPITAL
Understanding language (Wernicke’s area)
TEMPORAL
Memory Hearing
TEMPORAL
Sequencing and organization
TEMPORAL
ocated in the floor of the third ventricle
HYPOTHALAMUS
t plays a role in controlling behaviors such as hunger, thirst, sleep, and sexual response
HYPOTHALAMUS
regulates body temperature, blood pressure, emotions, and secretion of hormones.
HYPOTHALAMUS
lies in a small pocket of bone at the skull base called the sella turcica
pituitary gland
Known as the “master gland,” it controls other endocrine glands in the body
pituitary gland
It secretes hormones that control sexual development, promote bone and muscle growth, respond to stress, and fight disease.
pituitary gland
located behind the third ventricle
pineal gland
located behind the third ventricle
pineal gland
serves as a relay station for almost all information that comes and goes to the cortex
thalamus
It plays a role in pain sensation, attention, alertness and memory.
thalamus
includes the caudate, putamen and globus pallidus.
BASAL GANGLIA
work with the cerebellum to coordinate fine motions, such as fingertip movements.
basal ganglia
center of our emotions, learning, and memory.
limbic system
Included are the cingulate gyri, hypothalamus, amygdala (emotional reactions) and hippocampus (memory).
limbic system
strong, thick membrane that closely lines the inside of the skul
dura mater
2 layers of dura mater
periosteal and meningeal
two special dural folds,
falx and tentorium
separates the right and left hemispheres of the brain
falx
separates cerebellum and cerebrum
tentorium
thin, web-like membrane that covers the entire brain
arachnoid mater
The space between the dura and arachnoid membranes
subdural space
hugs the surface of the brain following its folds and grooves.
pia mater
has many blood vessels that reach deep into the brain.
pia mater
space between the arachnoid and pia
subarachnoid space
where the cerebrospinal fluid bathes and cushions the brain.
subarachnoid space
hollow fluid-filled cavities
ventrciels
Inside the ventricles is a ribbon-like structure called the that makes clear colorless cerebrospinal fluid
choroid plexus
enlargement of the ventricles
HYDROCEPHALUS
cause a collection of fluid in the spinal cord
SYRINGOMYELIA
Blood is carried to the brain by two paired arteries
internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries
arteries supply most of the cerebrum.
INTERNAL CAROTID
arteries supply the cerebellum, brainstem, and the underside of the cerebrum
VERTEBRAL ARTERIES
The basilar artery and the internal carotid arteries “communicate” with each other at the base of the brain called the
Circle of Willis
The communication —– is an important safety feature of the brain.
between the internal carotid and vertebral-basilar systems
sinuses THAT drain the cerebrum
superior and inferior sagittal
drains the anterior skull base
CAVERNOUS SINUSES
only drainage of the brain.
jugular veins
In general, the — hemisphere of the brain is responsible for language and speech and is called the “dominant” hemisphere
left
_________ hemisphere plays a large part in interpreting visual information and spatial processing.
right
disturbance of language affecting production, comprehension, reading or writing, due to brain injury – most commonly from stroke or trauma.
aphasia
lies in the left frontal lobe (Fig 3). If this area is damaged, one may have difficulty moving the tongue or facial muscles to produce the sounds of speech.
broca’s area
lies in the left temporal lobe
The individual may speak in long sentences that have no meaning, add unnecessary words, and even create new words.
Wernicke’s area
3 phases of memory
encoding
storing
recalling
also called working memory, occurs in the prefrontal cortex.
short term memory
It stores information for about one minute and its capacity is limited to about 7 items.
short term
processed in the hippocampus of the temporal lobe and is activated when you want to memorize something for a longer time
long term
unlimited content and duration capacity. It contains personal memories as well as facts and figures.
long term
processed in the cerebellum, which relays information to the basal ganglia
skill memory
stores automatic learned memories like tying a shoe, playing an instrument, or riding a bike.
skill memory
Sensory area ❖ Skin impulses ❖ Estimation of distances, sizes and shapes
parietal lobe
Auditory area
❖ Olfactory area –
medial part of the
____
temporal
Motor area - directs movement ❖ Speech and writing ❖ Broca's area -- controls muscles of speech
frontal lobe
Forms surface of cerebral hemispheres ❖ Impulses received and analyzed ❖ Storage of info -- recall -- "memory" ❖ Association, judgement, discrimination, deliberation, voluntary actions
cerebral cortex
major regions of the brain
Cerebrum
❖ Diencephalon
❖ Brain stem
❖ Cerebellum
Coordination of voluntary muscles ❖ Maintenance of balance ❖ Maintenance of muscle tone
cerebellum
middle of cerebellum
vermis
Recycles or absorbs CSF
Arachnoid villi
Recycles or absorbs CSF
Arachnoid villi
