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Botany > BIOCHEM 4 - AMINO ACIDS > Flashcards

BIOCHEM 4 - AMINO ACIDS Flashcards

1
Q

Essential Amino acids

A

L, I, V, H, K, M, F, T, W

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2
Q

Non-essential amino acids

A

A, R, N, D, C, E, Q, G, P, S, Y

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3
Q

aa (obtained from nutrition)

A

Essential Amino acids

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4
Q

aa (synthesized by the body)

A

Non-essential amino acids

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5
Q

properties of AA (4)

A

Amphoteric
dipolar
optically active
tetrahedral structure

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6
Q

– reference to determine if the

amino acid has L- or D-configuration

A

α-amino group

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7
Q

All amino acids in naturally occurring proteins are

A

L-isomers

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8
Q

◦ derived from glutamate; neurotransmitters (has something to do with the brain)

A

GABA

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9
Q

GABA is derived from

A

glutamate

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10
Q

◦ derived from tryptophan; important in sleep

A

Serotonine

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11
Q

serotonine derived from

A

derived from tryptophan

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12
Q
  1. Thyroxine
A

derived from tyrosine

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13
Q

indole acetic acid

A
  1. Dopamine –
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14
Q

– side chain is a primary alcohol; looks like Ala with -OH

A

Serine

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15
Q

side chain is a secondary alcohol;

A

◦ Threonine

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16
Q

has two chirality centers

A

threonine and isoleucine

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17
Q

contains a thiol group; important in disulfide linkages; weak acid; can form H-bonds

A

◦ Cysteine

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18
Q
  • ionized cysteine is —–, while the protonated form is much ——–than serine.
A

polar

less polar

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19
Q

also has the ability to form covalent bonds called disulfide bonds between cysteine side chains.

A

Cysteine

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20
Q

– side chain is phenolic –OH; borderline case

A

Tyrosine

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21
Q

not very soluble in water, but contains a polar hydroxyl group in the para position of the phenyl ring

A

Tyrosine

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22
Q

amide groups do not become charged at biologically relevant pH values (i.e. pH 2-12), true or false

A

TRUE

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23
Q

simplest amino acid

A

GLYCINE

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24
Q

does not really have a polar or non-polar character

A

GLYCINE

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25
Q
  • has much less steric hindrance than the other AAs;
A

GLYCINE

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26
Q

No chiral center/achiral

A

GLYCINE

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27
Q

no asymmetric carbon

A

GLYCINE

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28
Q

– side chain is isopropyl

A

Valine

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29
Q

side chain is isobutyl

A

Leucine

30
Q

side chain is sec-butyl; has 2 chiral carbons

A

Isoleucine –

31
Q

more hydrophobic than cysteine (S-containing amino acids)

A

Methionine

32
Q

start amino acid

A

Methionine

33
Q

having thioether

A

Methionine

34
Q

– cyclic but not aromatic; 2ndary α-amino group or α-imino acid
- has a conformationally restricted structure

A

Proline

35
Q

behaves more like a polar amino acid since —– has a fairly high tendency to appear on the solvent-exposed surface of proteins

A

proline

36
Q

– has an indole ring; borderline hydrophobic/polar

A

Tryptophan

37
Q

what AA has the proton attached to the indole nitrogen can act as a hydrogen bond donor to water or other hydrogen bond acceptors

A

Tryptophan

38
Q

majority of the large tryptophan side-chain is polar or not?.

A

non-polar

39
Q

acidic form of asparagines; β-carboxyl group

A

Aspartate-

40
Q

acidic form of glutamine; γ-carboxyl group

A

Glutamate–

41
Q

– has a primary amino group

protonated at pH 7.0

A

◦ Lysine

42
Q

contains ε-amino group

A

◦ Lysine

43
Q

diamino acid

A

◦ Lysine

44
Q

– most basic amino acid

A

Arginine

45
Q

contains guanido group

A

Arginine

46
Q

guanidinium ion always protonated

A

Arginine

47
Q

heterocyclic ring side chain; not aromatic

A

Histidine

48
Q

contains imidazole

A

Histidine

49
Q

only amino acid that functions as buffer in physiological range

A

Histidine

50
Q

all are very hydrophobic
absorbs UV at 280 nm
aromatic amino acids

A

Tyrosine, Tyr (Y)
Tryptophan, Trp (W)
Phenylalanine, Phe (F)

51
Q

contain carboxyl groups (weaker than α-carboxyl group)

negatively charged at physiological pH;

A

Aspartate, Asp (D)

Glutamate, Glu (E)

52
Q

present as conjugate bases

carboxyl groups function as nucleophiles in some enzymatic reactions

A

Aspartate, Asp (D)

Glutamate, Glu (E)

53
Q

classified as β-branched
have greater steric hindrance
exhibit more restricted conformational flexibility

A

Valine, Val (V)
Isoleucine, Ile (I)
Threonine, Thr (T)

54
Q

18 of the 19 L-amino acids have — configuration

A

S

55
Q

cysteine has – configuration

A

R

56
Q

is neither very

hydrophobic nor very hydrophilic.

A

Proline

57
Q

As the pH increases, the charge on the molecule becomes

A

more negative,

58
Q

as the pH decreases,

the charge on the molecule becomes

A

more positive.

59
Q

zero net charge state is known as the

A

zwitterionic state

60
Q

is capable of both accepting

and donating protons

A

zwitterion

61
Q

characteristic of free amino acids with non-ionizable side chains near pH
7.0

A

zwitterion

62
Q

At pH&raquo_space; pKa, the ionizable group will be .

-

A

deprotonated

63
Q

At pH&raquo_space; pKa, For carboxylic acids, the group will be ____ charged;

A

negatively

64
Q

At pH&raquo_space; pKa, amines will be ____

A

neutral

65
Q

At pH &laquo_space;pKa, the ionizable group will be _______

A

protonated.

66
Q

At pH &laquo_space;pKa, For carboxylic acids, the group will be __

A

neutral

67
Q

At pH &laquo_space;pKa, amines will be _____

A

positively charged

68
Q

has a chemically basic side chain but acidic pKa

A

histidine

69
Q

pKa values of amino groups of common AA

A

occur in a range from pH 9 to pH 11

70
Q

pKa values of carboxyl groups of common AA

A

ph 2

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