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Botany > BACTE LEC - QUIZ 1 Part 2 > Flashcards

BACTE LEC - QUIZ 1 Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what does unstained/unfixed preparation determine

A

determines morphology and motility (whether Brownian movement or true motility)

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2
Q

types of motility

A

rownian movement or true motility

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3
Q

microscopes used in unstained/unfixed preparation

A

BF, DF, PC

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4
Q

Type of preparation

natural conditions suspended in fluid

A

unstained/unfixed preparation

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5
Q

–bombardment of molecules that cause movement

-organism wiggles but retains position

A

Brownian movement

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6
Q

-most organisms with ___ exhibit Brownian movement

A

flagella

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7
Q

type of motility

  • uniform direction
  • move from one position to another
A

*True Motility

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8
Q

microscope for detection of Treponema pallidum and other spirochetes

A

*Darkfield

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9
Q

suspending medium (so bacteria can move freely) in wet mount

A

NSS

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10
Q

Two types of unfixed/unstained preparation

A

wet mount

hanging drop

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11
Q

better approach to examine motility

-uses a concavity slide and petroleum jelly (serves as a sealant)

A

hanging drop

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12
Q

3 procedures in fixed/stained preparation

A

smearing
fixation
staining

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13
Q

procedure in staining that requires not be too thick nor too thin; may be a clinical specimen or cultured

A

smear

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14
Q

if smear is…

  • too thick:
  • too thin:
A
  • too thick: cells are overlapping

- too thin: cells are washed out

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15
Q

-if specimen is liquid/from broth, an ________ is used

A

inoculating loop

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16
Q

if specimen is solid, a _________ is used

A

needle

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17
Q

purpose of fixation

A

prevents autolysis, retards bacterial physiologic functions thus preserving morphology

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18
Q

type of fixation
cell’s molecules change shape, heat prevents cells from being washed out
-used for microbes

A

o Heat fixation

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19
Q

type of fixation
– no destruction of structure
-used for blood smear

A

o Chemical fixation

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20
Q

purpose of staining

A

increased visibility, reveals additional information about the bacteria, be able to study the structure easily since cells are not moving

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21
Q

In smearing, if sample is from solid culture medium, place _____________ on slide

A

1-2 drops of NSS or distilled water

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22
Q

why place1-2 drops of NSS or distilled water on slide if sample is from solid culture

A

for even distribution of sx on slide

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23
Q

possess chromophore (organic molecules which produce specific colors)

A

Dye (salt)

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24
Q

organic molecules which produce specific colors)

A

chromophore

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25
Q

Bacteria are slightly negatively charged at pH ?.

A

7

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26
Q

affinity and color of nucleic acids in the nucleus (using H&E as stain)

A

affinity: to basic dye
color: blue

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27
Q

affinity and color of cytoplasm (using H&E as stain))

A

affinity: to acidic dye
color: pink

28
Q

Types of Staining:
– uses single dye/ one stain
-end color is the color of the stain used
-used for the analysis of characteristics of size, shape, and cell arrangement

A

Simple

29
Q

Types of Staining:
uses more than 1 dye
-distinguishes between structure of a cell, between different types of cells by staining them with different colors
-react with specific microbial structures

A

differential

30
Q

-determines source of molecules as contaminants

A

gram staining

31
Q

-determines the most effective antibiotic for critically ill patients

A

gram staining

32
Q

-fundamental step in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases

A

gram staining

33
Q

major dyes in gram staining

A

crystal violet and safranin

34
Q

(enhances the affinity of the primary stain to the cell, promotes binding)

A

mordant

35
Q

*Apply acetone-alcohol continuously in a ???? method. It must completely remove the stain.

A

running/dripping

36
Q

how long must you add crystal violet

A

1 min

37
Q

how long must you add safranin

A

15-30 seconds

38
Q

most rapid method of bacterial detection

A

gram staining

39
Q

most rapid method of bacterial identification

A

culture and sensitivity

40
Q

gram + or gram -

Gram reaction - purple

A

gram +

41
Q

gram + or gram -

Peptidoglycan layer - thick

A

gram +

42
Q

gram + or gram -

Peptidoglycan layer - thin

A

gram -

43
Q

gram + or gram -

teichoic acid- present

A

gram +

44
Q

gram + or gram -

teichoic acid - absent

A

gram -

45
Q

gram + or gram -

LPS content - present

A

gram -

46
Q

gram + or gram -

LPS content - absent

A

gram +

47
Q

gram + or gram -
periplasmic space
absent

A

gram +

48
Q

gram + or gram -

outer membrane absent

A

gram +

49
Q

gram + or gram -
Lipid and lipoprotein content
low

A

gram +

50
Q

gram + or gram -
periplasmic space
present

A

gram -

51
Q

gram + or gram -

outer membrane present

A

gram -

52
Q

gram + or gram -

Lipid and lipoprotein content high

A

gram -

53
Q

-primary stain in acid-fast

A

carbolfuchsin

54
Q

decolorizer in acid-fast

A

acid alcohol (HCl + 95% EtOH)

55
Q

mordant in acid-fast

A

HEAT

56
Q

counterstain in acid-fast

A

methylene blue

57
Q

also used to detect presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

acid-fast

58
Q

-bacteria whose cell walls contain mycolic acids (render the cells resistant to decolorization)

A

Acid-fast

59
Q

-bacteria whose cell walls do not contain mycolic acids and thus cannot resist decolorization

A

Non-acid-fast

60
Q

cell wall has wax-like substance that is very hard to stain. But once stained, it is very hard to decolorize

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

61
Q

Theories behind Gram-staining

A

membrane theory of knaysi
isoelectric theory
outer surface theory

62
Q

what theory
Gram-negative have high lipid content while gram-positive have high carbohydrate content and is very rich in peptidoglycan. When alcohol is added to a Gram-negative, alcohol removes the lipid from the gram-negative, thus increasing cell permeability, resulting in loss of dye-cell wall complex.

A

membrane theory of knaysi

63
Q

what theory

Gram-negative therefore has loose network of fats and crystal violet is easily removed by the decolorizer.

A

membrane theory of knaysi

64
Q

what theory
Gram-positive cells (acidic) have low isoelectric pH (pH at which the cells have no charge)
This makes cells more susceptible to entrance of dye.

A

isoelectric theory

65
Q

contains Mg RNA

A

gram +

66
Q

what theory
outer surface of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria contain magnesium RNA which forms complex with CVI. This complex is insoluble with alcohol

A

outer surface theory

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