heart practical Flashcards
blunt rounded point of heart
apex
larger flat part
base
located in
thoracic cavity
formed by the pericardium
pericardial caivty
anchors heart within mediastinum
pericardial cavity
2 layers of pericardium
fibrous and serous
tissue that surrounds the heart
pericardium
tough fibrous outer layer of CT
layer of pericardium
fibrous
inner layer of epithelial cells
layer of pericardium
serous
portion of the serous pericardium lining the fibrous pericardium
Parietal pericardium –
portion covering the heart
Visceral pericardium or Epicardium –
– produced by serous pericardium
-helps reduce friction as the heart moves within the pericardium
pericardial fluid
separates atria from ventricles
Coronary sulcus –
grooves which indicate the division between right and left ventricles
Anterior and posterior interventricular sulcus –
Veins carrying blood to the heart
superior and inferior vena cava
pulmonary veins
Arteries carrying blood away from the heart
aorta and pulmonary trunj
- receive blood from veins
- primarily function as reservoirs
- contraction of the__ forces blood into the ventricles
atria
Right atrium receives blood through 3 major openings:
SVC, IVC, Coronary sinus
Left atrium receives blood through
pulmonary veins
partition separating the two atria
Interatrial septum –
– pumps blood into pulmonary trunk
right ventricle
pumps blood into aorta
left ventricle
- partition separating the two ventricles
Interventricular septum
between right atrium and right ventricle and between left atrium and left ventricle
-allow blood to flow from the atria
Atrioventricular valves –
cone-shaped, muscular pillars in each ventricle
Papillary muscles –
– three, pocketlike semilunar cusps
-possessed by aorta and pulmonary trunk
semilunar valves
– plate of CT
-consists of fibrous rings that surround the AV and semilunar valves
cardiac skeleton
– supply blood to the wall of the heart
-originate from the base of the aorta
coronary arteries
3 Major Branches of left coronary artery
- Anterior interventricular artery
- Circumflex artery
- Left marginal artery
Major Branches of right coronary artery
- Posterior interventricular artery
2. Right marginal artery
– large vein located within the coronary sulcus on the posterior aspect of the heart
coronary sinus
heart wall layer
– thin, serous membrane forming the smooth outer surface of heart
-simple squamous epithelium over a loose CT and adipose tissue
epicardium
heart wall layer
– thick, middle layer
-composed of cardiac muscle cells
-responsible for contraction of heart chambers
myocardium
– smooth inner surface
- simple squamous epithelium over CT
- allows blood to move easily through the heart
- forms the heart valves
endocardium
– ridges and columns of cardiac muscle that modify surface of the interior walls of ventricles
Trabeculae carneae
fraction of the heart pointing to the left
2/3
thickest layer of heart wa,ll
myocardium
heart wall layer for blood clotting
endocardium
backflow
regurgitation
alternate constriction and dilatation of artery
pulse
pulse is readily palpable at
radial artery
pulse rate is reported as
number of beats per minute
first heart sound
lubb
2nd heart sound
dupp
heart valves involved in 1st HS
AV Valve
heart valves involved in 2nd HS
SL valves
abnormal rapid resting heartbeat
over 100beats per minute
tachycardia
abnormal rapid resting heartbeat
under 50 beats per minute
bradycardia
volume of S1
louder
volume of S2
softer
pitch of S1
Lower
pitch of S2
Higher
duration of S1
shorter
duration of S2
faster (?)
length of one cardiac cycle
60 sec divided by number of beats per minute
consists of events that occur from the start of one period of systole to the beginning of the next period of systole
cardiac cycle
pulse is commonly detected in the
radial and carotid arteries
peak pressure obtained during each cardiac cycle
systolic pressure
measure of the force of myocardial contraction
systolic pressure
lowest pressure reached just before the next beat
diastolic pressure
measure of peripheral resistance + elastic recoil of blood vessels
diastolic pressure
measuring arterial blood pressure inhumans with the use of sphygmomanometer
sphygomamonmetry
grade of 0-10 petechiae
1+
grade of 11-20 petechiae
2+
GRADE OF 21-50 petechiae
3+
51 and above
4+
measures ability of capillary walls to resist pressure
capillary resistance test
method used in capillary resistance test
tourniquet test
rumpel-leede test
hess test
normal bp by which the capillaries will resist
100 mmHG
a condition in which capillaries rupture at 100mmHg
thrombocytopenic purpura
tiny spots appearing due to purpura
petechiae or hemorrhages
excess flow of blood in a certain area of the body
hyperemia or congestion
type of hyperemia due to increased blood flow to a specific area or due to dilatation of blood vessels
active hyperemia
slowing down of venous return
passive hyperemia
size of finger during active hyperemia
bigger
size of finger during passive hyperemia
smaller
temp felt during active H
hotter
TEMP felt during passive H
colder
sensation felt in active and passive H
numbness
Myocardial ridges that give honey combed appearance to the anterior wall of right atrium
Musculi pectinati
Separates right and left atria
Interatrial septum
Hole in the interatrial septum of a fetal heart
Foramen ovale
A connective tissue membrane formed when the foramen ovale closes
Fossa ovalis
Muscle ridges in the right and left ventricles
Trabeculae carneae
Type of serous pericardium that covers cavity
Parietal
Type of serous pericardium that covers heart
Visceral
