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Botany > heart practical > Flashcards

heart practical Flashcards

1
Q

blunt rounded point of heart

A

apex

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2
Q

larger flat part

A

base

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3
Q

located in

A

thoracic cavity

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4
Q

formed by the pericardium

A

pericardial caivty

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5
Q

anchors heart within mediastinum

A

pericardial cavity

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6
Q

2 layers of pericardium

A

fibrous and serous

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7
Q

tissue that surrounds the heart

A

pericardium

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8
Q

tough fibrous outer layer of CT

layer of pericardium

A

fibrous

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9
Q

inner layer of epithelial cells

layer of pericardium

A

serous

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10
Q

portion of the serous pericardium lining the fibrous pericardium

A

Parietal pericardium –

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11
Q

portion covering the heart

A

Visceral pericardium or Epicardium –

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12
Q

– produced by serous pericardium

-helps reduce friction as the heart moves within the pericardium

A

pericardial fluid

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13
Q

separates atria from ventricles

A

Coronary sulcus –

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14
Q

grooves which indicate the division between right and left ventricles

A

Anterior and posterior interventricular sulcus –

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15
Q

Veins carrying blood to the heart

A

superior and inferior vena cava

pulmonary veins

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16
Q

Arteries carrying blood away from the heart

A

aorta and pulmonary trunj

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17
Q
  • receive blood from veins
  • primarily function as reservoirs
  • contraction of the__ forces blood into the ventricles
A

atria

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18
Q

Right atrium receives blood through 3 major openings:

A

SVC, IVC, Coronary sinus

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19
Q

Left atrium receives blood through

A

pulmonary veins

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20
Q

partition separating the two atria

A

Interatrial septum –

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21
Q

– pumps blood into pulmonary trunk

A

right ventricle

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22
Q

pumps blood into aorta

A

left ventricle

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23
Q
  • partition separating the two ventricles
A

Interventricular septum

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24
Q

between right atrium and right ventricle and between left atrium and left ventricle
-allow blood to flow from the atria

A

Atrioventricular valves –

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25
Q

cone-shaped, muscular pillars in each ventricle

A

Papillary muscles –

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26
Q

– three, pocketlike semilunar cusps

-possessed by aorta and pulmonary trunk

A

semilunar valves

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27
Q

– plate of CT

-consists of fibrous rings that surround the AV and semilunar valves

A

cardiac skeleton

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28
Q

– supply blood to the wall of the heart

-originate from the base of the aorta

A

coronary arteries

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29
Q

3 Major Branches of left coronary artery

A
  1. Anterior interventricular artery
  2. Circumflex artery
  3. Left marginal artery
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30
Q

Major Branches of right coronary artery

A
  1. Posterior interventricular artery

2. Right marginal artery

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31
Q

– large vein located within the coronary sulcus on the posterior aspect of the heart

A

coronary sinus

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32
Q

heart wall layer
– thin, serous membrane forming the smooth outer surface of heart
-simple squamous epithelium over a loose CT and adipose tissue

A

epicardium

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33
Q

heart wall layer
– thick, middle layer
-composed of cardiac muscle cells
-responsible for contraction of heart chambers

A

myocardium

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34
Q

– smooth inner surface

  • simple squamous epithelium over CT
  • allows blood to move easily through the heart
  • forms the heart valves
A

endocardium

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35
Q

– ridges and columns of cardiac muscle that modify surface of the interior walls of ventricles

A

Trabeculae carneae

36
Q

fraction of the heart pointing to the left

A

2/3

37
Q

thickest layer of heart wa,ll

A

myocardium

38
Q

heart wall layer for blood clotting

A

endocardium

39
Q

backflow

A

regurgitation

40
Q

alternate constriction and dilatation of artery

A

pulse

41
Q

pulse is readily palpable at

A

radial artery

42
Q

pulse rate is reported as

A

number of beats per minute

43
Q

first heart sound

A

lubb

44
Q

2nd heart sound

A

dupp

45
Q

heart valves involved in 1st HS

A

AV Valve

46
Q

heart valves involved in 2nd HS

A

SL valves

47
Q

abnormal rapid resting heartbeat

over 100beats per minute

A

tachycardia

48
Q

abnormal rapid resting heartbeat

under 50 beats per minute

A

bradycardia

49
Q

volume of S1

A

louder

50
Q

volume of S2

A

softer

51
Q

pitch of S1

A

Lower

52
Q

pitch of S2

A

Higher

53
Q

duration of S1

A

shorter

54
Q

duration of S2

A

faster (?)

55
Q

length of one cardiac cycle

A

60 sec divided by number of beats per minute

56
Q

consists of events that occur from the start of one period of systole to the beginning of the next period of systole

A

cardiac cycle

57
Q

pulse is commonly detected in the

A

radial and carotid arteries

58
Q

peak pressure obtained during each cardiac cycle

A

systolic pressure

59
Q

measure of the force of myocardial contraction

A

systolic pressure

60
Q

lowest pressure reached just before the next beat

A

diastolic pressure

61
Q

measure of peripheral resistance + elastic recoil of blood vessels

A

diastolic pressure

62
Q

measuring arterial blood pressure inhumans with the use of sphygmomanometer

A

sphygomamonmetry

63
Q

grade of 0-10 petechiae

A

1+

64
Q

grade of 11-20 petechiae

A

2+

65
Q

GRADE OF 21-50 petechiae

A

3+

66
Q

51 and above

A

4+

67
Q

measures ability of capillary walls to resist pressure

A

capillary resistance test

68
Q

method used in capillary resistance test

A

tourniquet test
rumpel-leede test
hess test

69
Q

normal bp by which the capillaries will resist

A

100 mmHG

70
Q

a condition in which capillaries rupture at 100mmHg

A

thrombocytopenic purpura

71
Q

tiny spots appearing due to purpura

A

petechiae or hemorrhages

72
Q

excess flow of blood in a certain area of the body

A

hyperemia or congestion

73
Q

type of hyperemia due to increased blood flow to a specific area or due to dilatation of blood vessels

A

active hyperemia

74
Q

slowing down of venous return

A

passive hyperemia

75
Q

size of finger during active hyperemia

A

bigger

76
Q

size of finger during passive hyperemia

A

smaller

77
Q

temp felt during active H

A

hotter

78
Q

TEMP felt during passive H

A

colder

79
Q

sensation felt in active and passive H

A

numbness

79
Q

Myocardial ridges that give honey combed appearance to the anterior wall of right atrium

A

Musculi pectinati

80
Q

Separates right and left atria

A

Interatrial septum

81
Q

Hole in the interatrial septum of a fetal heart

A

Foramen ovale

82
Q

A connective tissue membrane formed when the foramen ovale closes

A

Fossa ovalis

83
Q

Muscle ridges in the right and left ventricles

A

Trabeculae carneae

84
Q

Type of serous pericardium that covers cavity

A

Parietal

85
Q

Type of serous pericardium that covers heart

A

Visceral

Botany (324 decks)

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