Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Botany > microscope histo > Flashcards

microscope histo Flashcards

1
Q

an instrument composed of several lenses used in magnifying objects too small to be seen by the naked eye

A

microscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

inventor of the microscope

A

zacharias jansen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

improved the microscope; Father of Microbiology

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek –

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

USES VISIBLE LIGHT FOR ILLUMINATION

A

light microscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

– uses visible light as light source; shows internal structure and outline of the transparent sheath

A

BRIGHT FIELD MICROSCOPE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
  • examination of live microorganisms not seen under an ordinary light microscope
    • possess opaque disks
    • suitable for structures that cannot be stained or easily distorted
    • useful for detection of Spirochetes
A

DARKFIELD MICROSCOPE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
  • used to facilitate detailed examination of the internal structures of living specimens
    • especially for transparent objects
A

PHASE CONTRAST MICROSCOPE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
  • Principle in phase contrast microscope
A

Light Changes its speed when passing through cellular and extracellular structures with different refractive indices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
  • produces images with a 3-D aspect as compared to phase-contrast microscopes
    • objects appear bright against a dark background
A

DIFFERENTIAL INTERFERENCE MICROSCOPE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

two types of DIFFERENTIAL INTERFERENCE MICROSCOPE

A

: Hoffman (modulation contrast)

Nomarski (differential contrast)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
  • Uses a strong UV Light Source and special filters that select rays of different wavelength
    • Use of fluorescent compounds such as Acridine Orange, Rhodamine
A

FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Principle of FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY

A

: Substances are exposed to light (radiation) at a wavelength, these emit light with a longer wavelength which is visible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
  • more advantageous than regular bright field microscopes

- Uses small point of high intensity light (laser) and a pinhole aperture

A

CONFOCAL MICROSCOPE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
  • Advantage of CONFOCAL MICROSCOPE
A

avoids stray light; produces more resolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
  • used for viewing highly organized molecules (crystals and lipids, cellulose, collagen, microtubules, microfilaments)
    • uses the principle of polarization wherein light can be rotated in one direction or another (“birefringence”)
A

POLARIZING MICROSCOPE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Uses beams of electrons to produce a magnified image

Has greater resolving power as compared to light microscopes; Has higher resolution (1000fold increase)

A

electron microscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q
  • Allows magnifications of up to 400,000 times
    • Requires very thin sections (40-90nm)
    • Freeze Fracture Techniques are usually combined in TEM
    • Used to Examine Viruses or Internal UltraStructures of cells
    • Structures appear as black/gray or white
A

TEM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q
  • Studies the surface features of cells and viruses

- Provides a 3-D image of the surface

A

SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

It is particularly useful for evidence not requiring very high magnification (10x–125x).

Its large working distance makes it quite applicable for the microscopic examination of big, bulky items.

A

Stereo/Dissecting Microscopes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

: ability of the lenses to distinguish fine detail and structure
refers to the ability of the lenses to distinguish between two points a specified distance apart

A

Resolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

—— wavelength: the —— the resolution

A

shorter; greater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

resolution is dependent on the —— used

A

Dependent on the Objective Used

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

ability of the microscope to distinguish/separate 2 points distinctly

A

Resolving Power:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

a measure of the light bending ability of a medium (substances through which light passes)

A

Refractive Index

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

distance between the objective and object being focused (slide)

A

Working distance:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Magnification: Formula

A

magnification of ocular x objective magnification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

function of the wavelength and characteristic of the lenses
gives the idea of how much light can enter the objective
Measures light gathering ability of the microscope

A

Numerical Aperture:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

only slight adjustment is needed to focus the object being studied when the objective is shifted from one objective to another.

A

Parfocal:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

used to preserve the direction of light rays at the highest magnification.

A

Immersion Oil:

30
Q

See to it that the________objective is in position when the microscope is not in use

A

LPO

31
Q

Use ————– in cleaning the objectives and stage

A

alcohol or xylol

32
Q

Do not apply too much xylol for it may ___________

A

loosen the screws

33
Q

Dry with ___________ immediately after application of xylol

A

soft tissue paper

34
Q

Clean the______ first with soft tissue paper ;

A

OCULAR

35
Q

see to it that the stage and objectives are free from __

A

OIL

35
Q

Invented the compound microscope

A

zacharias jansen

36
Q

optical system of bright field microscope

A

condenser
objective
eyepice

36
Q

Resolution of TEM

A

2.5 nm

37
Q

– collects and focuses a cone of light that illuminates the object to be observed

A

a. Condenser

37
Q

Resolution of SEM

A

2.0 nm

38
Q

enlarges and projects the image of the object in the direction of the eyepiece

A

b. Objective –

38
Q

Pathway of electron of TEM

A

Passes thru the specimen

39
Q
  • further magnifies this image and projects it onto the viewer’s retina or a charge-coupled device
A

c. Eyepiece

39
Q

Pathway of electron of SEM

A

Reflected by a metal

40
Q

enlarges only the image obtained by the objective; does not improve resolution

A

-eyepiece

40
Q

Magnification of stereo/dissecting microscope

A

10x-125x

41
Q

-maximal resolving power:

A

~0.2 micrometer

41
Q

Numerical aperture of scanning

A

0.10

42
Q

-objects smaller than 0.2 micrometer ——-

A

cannot be distinguished

42
Q

Numerical aperture of LPO

A

0.25

43
Q

-2 structures will be seen as __________ if they are separated by less than 0.2 micrometer

A

only one object

43
Q

Numerical aperture of HPO

A

0.65

44
Q

principle – when certain cellular substances are irradiated by light of a proper wavelength, they emit light with a longer wavelength

A

*Fluorescence

44
Q

Numerical aperture of OIO

A

1.25

45
Q

Acridine Orange, DAPI, Hoechst stain

A

*Fluorescent compounds:

46
Q

type of light microscope
Produces an image only of material having repetitive, periodic macromolecular structure; features without such structures are not seen

A

polarizing

47
Q

-feature of crystalline substances or those with highly oriented molecules (cellulose, collagen, microtubules, actin filaments)

A

birefringence

48
Q

-areas through which electron passed readily: appear _____

A

brighter or electron lucent

49
Q

-areas where electrons were absorbed or deflected: appear _______

A

darker or more electron dense

50
Q
  • added to the fixative or dehydrating solutions

- used to improve contrast and resolution in TEM

A

*Compounds with heavy metal ions

51
Q

-osmium tetroxide, lead citrate, uranyl compounds

A

*Compounds with heavy metal ions

52
Q

techniques that allow TEM study of cells without fixation or embedding

A

Cryofracture and freeze etching –

53
Q

– useful in the study of membrane structure

  • very small tissue specimens are rapidly frozen in liquid nitrogen and either fractured or cut with a knife
  • replica is produced
A

Cryofracture

54
Q

Type of EM
surface of the specimen is first dried and spray coated with very thin layer of heavy metal (often gold) through which electrons do not pass readily

A

SEM

55
Q

Type of EM

images are usually easy to interpret because they present a 3D view that appears to be illuminated from above

A

SEM

56
Q

method of localizing newly synthesized macromolecules (DNA, RNA, protein, glycoproteins, polysaccharides)

A

AUTORADIOGRAPHY –

57
Q

This will help protect the objective lenses if they touch the slide.

A

Coverslip or cover glass

58
Q

When you move the slide to the right, the image goes to the

A

left!

59
Q

number of times the image was enlarged

A

magnification

60
Q

the higher the magnification the ________- working distance

A

LOWER

61
Q

Side of mirror when using natural light

A

plane

62
Q

side of mirror when using artificial light

A

concave

Botany (324 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions