SI LEC - Innate Immunity Part 2 Flashcards
Serum Amyloid A assoc with
HDL-Cholesterol
Apolipoprotein
MW = ??
11, 685 daltons
Normal circulating levels of SAA
30 µg/mL
Functions of SAA
Cleaning up chole from macrophages at the site of tissue injuries
Recycles cell membrane cholesterol
Series of serum proteins that are normally present
Major functions include:
opsonization
chemotaxis
cytolysisComplement
complement Major functions include:
opsonization
chemotaxis
cytolysis
Mannose-Binding Protein also called
Aka mannose-binding lectin
Trimer
Acts as an opsonin
Ca-dependent
Mannose-Binding Protein
Recognize foreign CHO found on bacteria, yeasts, viruses, parasites
Mannose-Binding Protein
Activates C’, helps promote phagocytosis
Mannose-Binding Protein
Normal concentration = of MBP
10 µg/mL
Uninhibited proteases can remain in lower resp tract and destroy parenchymal cells = development of ___
emphysema
endogenous ENZ that degrade elastin and collagen
Elastase :
Major component of the alpha band in SPE
Plasma inhibitor of proteases released from WBC (eg. elastase)
Alpha1-antitrypsin
Acts a “mop-up” or counteracts the effect of neutrophil invasion during inflammation
Alpha1-antitrypsin
Can also react w/ serine proteases triggering C’ cascade or fibrinolysis
Alpha1-antitrypsin
Regulates expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines
Alpha1-antitrypsin
An Alpha2- globulin
haptoglobin
MW of haptoglobin
100 000
Binds free hgb (released by intravascular hemolysis) irreversibly
haptoglobin
Hgb Haptoglobin complex cleared by
liver
haptoglobin levels may ___ because of intravascular hemolysis: must be interpreted in the light of other APR
drop
Normal plasma conc= 40 to 290 mg/dL what acute reactant protein
haptoglobin
haptoglobin Normal plasma conc
40 to 290 mg/dl
Unfolded CHONS __ in blood vessels
aggregate
plays a role in protecting kidneys from damage
haptoglobin
prevents loss of iron
haptoglobin
prevents oxidative damage of free hgb
haptoglobin
Most abundant coagulation factor
fibrinogen
Normal levels= 100 to 400 mg/dL
fibrinogen
forms fibrin clots
Fibrinogen
trimer
mannose-binding protein
dimer
fibrinogen
fibrinogen normal levels
100 to 400 mg/dl
MW = 340, 000 daltons
fibrinogen
MW of fibrinogen
340 000
Increases the strength of the wound
Fibrinogen
Promotes aggregation of RBCs
can increased risk of developing CAD
Fibrinogen
Forms a clot; a barrier to prevent spread of microbes
Fibrinogen
Stimulates endothelial cell adhesion and proliferation
Fibrinogen
autosomal recessive genetic disorder
Co accumulates in the liver, brain, cornea, kidneys,
Wilson’s dx
Acts as ferroxidase
Ceruloplasmin
the principal Co-transporting protein in the human plasma
Ceruloplasmin
MW= 132, 000 daltons
Ceruloplasmin
Binds 90-95% copper found in the plasma
Ceruloplasmin
help make neutrophils sticky and enhance adherence to endothelial cells
Selectins:
movement thru blood vessel walls.
diapedesis
NEUT form __ which squeeze thru junctions
pseudopods
chem’l messenger that cause cells to migrate in a particular direction
chemotaxins
Life span of neutrophil in the tx:
5 days
w/ primary and specific granules
Capable of phagocytosis but not as efficient as neutrophil
Neutralizing basophils and mast cells
Killing parasites
Eosinophils
vasoactive amine that contracts smooth muscle
Basophils
immunoglobulin that binds to surface of basophil
IgE
lifespan of basophils
few hours
Basophils that have migrated to the tissues.
Mast Cells
Largest in the peripheral blood
Monocytes
granules of monocytes (6)
peroxidase ACP arylsulfatase beta-glucuronidase lysozyme lipase
monocytes Stay in peripheral blood up to ?? hours
70
as macrophage become monocytes, there is an increase in __
Increase in ER, lysosomes, and mitochondria
w/ progressive cellular enlargement to b/w 25-80 um
tissue macrophage
Long lived but slow in motility
monocytes
Fxn: microbial killing, tumoricidal, intracellular parasites eradication, phagocytosis, secretion of cytokines, Ag presentation
monocytes
main fxn of dendritic cells
Phagocytose Ag and present in T helper cells
