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Botany > GPHT - Neoplasia II > Flashcards

GPHT - Neoplasia II Flashcards

1
Q

Cyst wall is composed of __

A

skin

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2
Q

where most divergent tissue (of teratoma) emerge

A

rokitansky protruberance

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3
Q

functional tissue from a teratoma

A

endocrine tissue

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4
Q

T or F

Most cystic tumors are benign

A

T

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5
Q

T or F

Solid tumors are malignant

A

T

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6
Q

Most teratomas are benign or malignant

A

benign

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7
Q

the most common benign germ cell tumor

A

Dermoid cysts or mature cystic teratomas

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8
Q

most common neoplasm of the ovary

A

Dermoid cysts or mature cystic teratomas

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9
Q

germ cell tumor of the testicle that is always malignant

A

seminoma

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10
Q

T or F

Seminoma may be benign or malignant

A

False (always malignant)

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11
Q

Tumors ending in “-oma” but are ALWAYS malignant (3)

A

Seminoma
Melanoma
Lymphoma

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12
Q

Benign form of lymphoma (always malignant)

A

lymphadenopathy

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13
Q

Benign form of melanoma

A

nevus or mole

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14
Q

T or F

Leukemia may be benign or malignant

A

F (always malignant)

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15
Q

multiple adenomatous polyps are also known as

A

tubulovillous adenomas

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16
Q

genetic syndrome in which an abnormal genetic mutation leads to development of multiple neoplasms in colon
genetic abnormalities may be inherited or acquired

A

familial adenomatous polyposis

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17
Q

type of tumor (benign or malignant) which does not eat up normal tissue

A

benign

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18
Q

type of tumor (benign or malignant) which infiltrate, go inside

A

malignant

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19
Q

condition in which there are cystic glands but no tumor, just a lesion

A

fibrocystic change

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20
Q

lesions with cystic glands, not a tumor

A

fibrocystic change

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21
Q

identify if benign or malignant

fungating mass ulcerating the skin

A

malignant

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22
Q

identify if benign or malignant
well-circumscribed
with demarcation

A

benign

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23
Q

identify if benign or malignant

small, movable

A

benign

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24
Q

identify if benign or malignant
proliferating fibrocollagenous lesions
compressed glands

A

benign

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25
Q

identify the condition
Malignant
bladder filled up with water
fingerlike papillomas

A

papillary urothelial carcinoma

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26
Q

identify the condition
benign
bladder filled up with water
fingerlike papillomas

A

urothelial papilloma

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27
Q

hallmark of malignancy

A

metastasis

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28
Q

identify if benign or malignant

compress adjacent tissue

A

benign

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29
Q

tumor/neoplasms in which there is metastasis but not malignant (2)

A

leiomyoma

giant tumor of bone

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30
Q

identify if benign or malignant

pleomorphic, anaplastic

A

malignant

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31
Q

identify if benign or malignant
growth
slow with expansion, displacement

A

benign

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32
Q

identify if benign or malignant

growth slow with compression

A

benign

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33
Q

identify if benign or malignant
growth
compressive atrophy of surrounding tissue

A

benign

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34
Q

identify if benign or malignant
growth
rapid with destruction

A

malignant

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35
Q

identify if benign or malignant
growth
rapid with infiltration

A

malignant

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36
Q

identify if benign or malignant
growth
rapid with
thigmotaxis

A

malignant

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37
Q

identify if benign or malignant
growth
rapid with vascular invasion

A

malignant

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38
Q

identify if benign or malignant
growth
rapid with metastases

A

malignant

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39
Q

identify if benign or malignant

size: increases slowly,

A

benign

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40
Q

identify if benign or malignant

size: tumor may become very large (knapsack tumor)

A

benign

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41
Q

identify if benign or malignant

size: increases rapidly

A

malignant

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42
Q

identify if benign or malignant

capsule is present

A

benign

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43
Q

identify if benign or malignant

tumor can be surgically enucleated from capsule due to compression of local stroma

A

benign

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44
Q

identify if benign or malignant

capsule is partially or entirely absent

A

malignant

45
Q

identify if benign or malignant

tumor frequently recurs after resection

A

malignant

46
Q

histologic findings:

perfect image of histologic mother tissue with low mitosis count

A

benign

47
Q

histologic findings:

absence of necrosis

A

benign

48
Q

histologic findings: maneuverable

A

benign

49
Q

histologic findings:

non-maneuverable

A

malignant

50
Q

histologic findings:

primitive image of histologic mother tissue with high mitosis count and necrosis

A

malignant

51
Q

variability of cell size: cellular and nuclear isomorphism

A

benign

52
Q

variability of cell size:

cellular and nuclear polymorphism

A

malignant

53
Q

nuclear euploidy (uniform coloration of nuclei) with exception of endocrine tumors, which exhibit nuclear polyploidy

A

benign

54
Q

tumors with nuclear polyploidy

A

endocrine tumors

55
Q

nuclear aneuploidy, polyploidy, polychromasia (varying coloration of nuclei)

A

malignant

56
Q

N:C ratio is normal

A

benign

57
Q

N:C ratio is high [nuclei predominate]

A

malignant

58
Q

nucleoli: invisible or small and round

A

benign

59
Q

nucleoli: enlarged and irregular

A

malignant

60
Q

clinical course: usually asymptomatic except for compression symptoms

A

benign

61
Q

clinical course: produce wide range of late symptoms

A

malignant

62
Q

clinical course: do not recur or metastasize

A

benign

63
Q

clinical course: frequently recur or metastasize

A

malignant

64
Q

T or F: Multiple tumors have less chance of malignancy

A

T

65
Q

T or F: Solitary tumor may be malignant

A

T

66
Q

2 Hallmarks of malignancy

A

Metastasis

Anaplasia

67
Q

T or F: Mitosis can be a sole basis of malignancy

A

False

68
Q

T or F: There are benign tumors with high mitotic rate

A

True

69
Q

How many mitotic figures/hpf for a tumor to be considered malignant

A

> 10

70
Q

T or F: Abnormal mitoses are highly indicative of malignancy

A

T

71
Q

Identify if benign or malignant:

presence of tripole

A

malignant

tripole is an abnormal mitotic figure

72
Q

T or F: Proliferation in the stratified squamous epithelium NORMALLY occurs in the basal layer

A

True

73
Q

Identify if malignant or benign: Proliferation of stratified squamous epithelium in UPPER LAYER

A

Malignant

74
Q

T or F: Dysplasia encountered in mesenchyme

A

False: Dysplasia encountered in epithelia

75
Q

T or F: Dysplasia is reversible

A

True. Reversible if factors (like smoking) are eliminated

76
Q

what carcinoma
seeding as pathway of dissemination
penetrates the wall of the gut
reimplant at distant sites in the peritoneal cavity

A

carcinoma of colon

77
Q

identify the pathway of dissemination

cancers of the ovary (cover the peritoneal surfaces)

A

seeding within body cavities

78
Q

pattern of lymph node involvement depends on (2)

A

site of primary neoplasm

pathways of drainage

79
Q

T or F: Veins are less readily penetrated than arteries

A

F: Arteries less readily penetrated than the veins

80
Q

T or F: Exposure to chemical carcinogens results in permanent DNA damage

A

True

81
Q

__ induce tumors in initiated cells (reversible)

A

spromoters

82
Q

radiant energy/UV rays cause what types of cancer (3)

A

squamous cell carcinoma
basal cell carcinoma
malignant carcinoma

83
Q

Human papilloma virus cause what cancer (2)

A 
squamous papillomas (Warts)
carcinoma of cervix
84
Q

What are the 3 carcinogenic agents

A

Chemical
Radiant
Oncogenic viruses/microbes

85
Q

Epstein-Barr virus causes (2)

A

Burkitt lymphoma

nasopharyngeal carcinoma

86
Q

HBV causes

A

hepatocellular carcinoma

87
Q

Helicobacter pylori causes (2)

A

gastric carcinoma, gastric lymphoma

88
Q

gastric carcinoma, gastric lymphoma caused by

A

H. pylori

89
Q

hepatocellular carcinoma caused by

A

HBV

90
Q

Burkitt lymphoma
nasopharyngeal carcinoma
caused by

A

EBV

91
Q

squamous papillomas (Warts)
carcinoma of cervix
Caused by

A

HPV

92
Q

T or F: Expansile growth can destroy adjacent structures

A

T

93
Q

T or F: Endocrine gland neoplasm elaborate hormones

A

T

94
Q

Grading is based on (2)

A

differentiation of tumor cells

number of mitoses

95
Q

this tells how DEEP tumor infiltrates

A

Staging

96
Q

this tells how closely it RESEMBLES normal component

A

Grading

97
Q

a higher grade means (closer, farther) appearance from normal

A

farther

98
Q

Staging is based on (3)

A

size of primary lesion
extent of spread to regional lymph nodes
presence/absence of metastases

99
Q

What can you conclude if the person has metastatic adenocarcinoma but has spread to the bone

A

metastatic adenocarcinoma does not occur in bone, thus the cancer is METASTATIC

100
Q

Which between staging and grading has implication on biologic behavior

A

grading

101
Q

the higher the grade, ___ aggressive,

A

more aggressive

102
Q

the higher the grade, what is the rate of proliferation

A

rapid

103
Q

the lower the grade, what is the rate of proliferation

A

slowly

104
Q

These scores in TNM classification depend on the organ

A

T and N

105
Q

Tissue or part of the body that do not proliferate very much

A

bone

106
Q

At what grade does chemo start?

A

3

107
Q

Why does chemo do not have much effect on osteosarcoma

A

bone does not proliferate very much
chemo kills proliferating and non-proliferating cells
thus chemo more effective in proliferating cells

108
Q

lower grades need what kind of treatment

A

surgery

109
Q

higher grades need what kind of treatment

A

radiation

Botany (324 decks)

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