Para Lec - Quiz 1 Flashcards
organisms that live on other organisms to survive
parasite
organisms that obtain nourishment from other organisms
parasite
classif of parasite accdg to habitat
ectoparasite
endoparasite
occurs when the parasite is inside
infection
occurs when the parasite is outside
infestation
example of ectoparasites
fleas, mites, lice, and ticks.
example of a temporary ectoparasite
mosquito
example of endoparasites
tapeworms
classif accdg to mode of living
obligate
facultative
temporary
accidental/incidental
classif accdg to mode of living
cannot survive in the absence of host
obligate
examples of obligate parasites (3)
Ascaris lumbricoides
Enterobius vermicularis
*Dracunculus medinensis
classif accdg to mode of living
may or may not require host to survive
facultative
classif accdg to mode of living
can complete life cycle even w/o host
facultative
ex. of facultative parasite
Strongyloides stercoralis (thread worm)
2 forms of parasite
free living form
parasitic form
2 forms of parasite
form when the parasite does not require a host
free living form
2 forms of parasite
parasite is found in soil or environment
free living form
2 forms of parasite
requires host , parasite found inside host
parasitic form
classif accdg to mode of living
seeks its host during meal or feeding time
temporary parasite
ex of temporary parasite
mosquito, leech
classif accdg to mode of living
one that parasitizes an organism other than the usual host
accidental or incidental parasite
example of accidental/incidental (2)
Ancylostoma caninum (dog hookworm) Toxocara cati (cat ascarid)
normal host of Ancylostoma caninum
dog
incidental host of Ancylostoma caninum
man
normal host of Toxocara cati
cat
incidental host of Toxocara cati
man
Will Toxocara cati continue its life cycle and reach maturity inside incidental host (man)?
No, it willl hatch into small intestine, and the larvae will remain as larvae because man is not the proper host.
disease that Toxocara cati causes
VLM (Visceral Larva Migrans or Migration)
disease that A.caninum causes
Cutaneous Larva Migration (CLM)
classif accdg to pathogenicity
pathogenic
non-pathogenic
harbors the parasite
provides requirements for parasite survival
host
types of host (4)
final or definitive
intermediate
reservoir
paratenic
types of host
harbors the adult or sexual stage of parasite
final/definitive
harbors the multiplication stage of parasite
final/definitive
almost always, __ is final host
man
types of host
harbors the larval/asexual stage of parasite
intermediate
ex of parasite with 1 intermediate host
Taenia solium
final host of Taenia solium
man
intermediate host of Taenia solium
pig
larvae form of Taenia solium
cysticercus cellulosae
ex of parasite with 2 IH
Paragonimus westermani
FH of Paragonimus westermani
man
1st IH of Paragonimus westermani
Antemelania asperata
2nd IH of Paragonimus westermani
Sundathelphusa philippina
stages of Paragonimus westermani
egg - cercaria - redia - metacercaria - adult
types of host
source ofinfection
reservoir
types of host
naturally harbors the parasite but not harmed
reservoir
ex of reservoir host
rodents, pigs (B.coli)
what parasite is naturally present in pigs
Balantidium coli
what parasite is naturally present in pigs and cause dysentery diarrhea in man
Balantidium coli
types of host
may carry a particular stage of parasite but won’t develop into another stage until transferred to a definitive host
paratenic
infective stage of P.westermani
metacercaria
final host of Plasmodium falciparum
mosquito
intermediate host of Plasmodium falciparum
man
sources of exposure to infection (5)
STH Food/Animal borne Vector Transmitted Group Contact Transmitted Others
STH meaning
Soil-Transmitted Helminth
source of exposure to infection
worms may be acquired in a contaminated soil (Areas where people poop anywhere)
STH
ex of STH (4)
Ascaris lumbricoides
Trichuris trichiura
Hookworms
Strongyloides stercoralis
examples of hookworms
Necator americanus
Ancylostoma duodenale
source of exposure to infection
acquired through eating contaminated food
Food/Animal borne
ex of food/animal borne parasites (5)
Taenia solium Taenia saginata Fasciola hepatica Diphyllobothrium latum Clonorchis sinensis
food animal borne parasite acquired through eating of contaminated pork
Taenia solium
food animal borne parasite acquired through eating of contaminated beef
Taenia sagimata
food animal borne parasite acquired through eating of contaminated water veggies
Fasciola hepatica
food animal borne parasite acquired through eating of contaminated fish (2)
Diphyllobothrium latum
Clonorchis sinensis
two kinds of vector-transmitted parasites
malaria
and filaria
malarial parasites (4)
Plasmodium vivax
Plasmodium ovale
Plasmodium malariae
Plasmodium falciparum
filarial parasites (2)
Wuchereria bancrofti
Brugia malayi
ex of non-pathogenic contact transmitted parasite
Trichomonas tenax
Entamoeba gingivalis
contact transmitted
acquired through sexual intercourse
Trichomonas vaginalis
contact transmitted
acquired through intimate kissing (2)
Trichomonas tenax
Entamoeba gingivalis
contact transmitted
acquired through anus-to-mouth transfer by fingers
Enterobius vermicularis
also called pin worm, seat worm, society worm
Enterobius vermicularis
a familial parasite
Enterobius vermicularis
example of a nematode that lays eggs in perianal area
Enterobius vermicularis
parasite that causes nocturnal pruritus ani
Enterobius vermicularis
itchiness of perianal region at night
NPA (Nocturnal Pruritus Ani)
Other sources of exposure to infection (3)
Transmammary - breastfeeding
Transplacental - vertical transmission (Mother to fetus)
Intranasal -
ex of intranasal parasite
Naegliera fowleri
ex of transmammary and transplacental parasite
Toxoplasma gondii
modes of transmission (3)
ingestion
skin penetration
sexual contact
ex of parasites whose mode of transmission is skin penetration (5)
All species of hookworms Strongloides stercoralis Schistosoma japonicum Schistosoma haematobium Schistosoma mansoni
ex of parasites whose mode of transmission is sexual contact
Trichomonas vaginalis
diagnostic importance of portal of exit
used to determine what type of clinical Sx to be requested
sample to be requested for P. westermani (found in lungs)
sputum
sample to be requested for Schistosoma haematobium (in venous plexuses serving the urinary bladder)
urine
sample to be requested for malaria
blood
site through which parasites enter the susceptible host and cause disease/infection
portal of entry
site from where micro-organisms leave the host to enter another host and cause disease/infection
portal of exit
portal of entry if MOT is skin penetration
skin membrane
portal of entry if MOT is ingestion
mouth
portal of entry if MOT is sexual contact
genitalia
symbiotic relationships (3)
mutualism
commensalism
parasitism
MOT of all species of hookworms
Skin penetration
