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Botany > pharmaco - chapter 6 > Flashcards

pharmaco - chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

type of cholinomimetic drug

• Inhibiting the hydrolysis of endogenous Ach

A

Indirect-acting

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2
Q

type of cholinomimetic drug

• Binding/activate cholinoceptors

A

Direct-acting

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3
Q

4 impt choline esters

A

acetycholine
carbachol
betanechol
methacholine

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4
Q

type of direct-acting drug

- Permanently charged quaternary NH4 group

A

choline ester

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5
Q

type of direct-acting drug

  • Relatively insoluble in lipids
  • Poorly absorbed
A

choline ester

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6
Q

type of direct-acting drug

-Hydrolyzed in the GIT

A

choline ester

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7
Q

type of direct-acting

Hydrophilic

A

choline ester

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8
Q

type of direct-acting drug

Poorly distributed in the CNS

A

choline ester

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9
Q

type of choline ester

  • Addition of methyl CH3
  • 3x more resistant to hydrolysis compared to Ach
A

METHACHOLINE

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10
Q

TYPE OF DIRECT-ACTING DRUG
- Act mostly with muscarinic receptors
(muscarine, pilocarpine)
- Act with nicotinic receptors(nicotine, lobeline)

A

ALKALOIDS

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11
Q

4 impt alkaloids

A

nicotine
pilocarpine
lobeline
muscarine

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12
Q

type of alkaloid
- Liquid
- Sufficiently lipid-soluble to be absorbed across
the skin

A

NICOTINE

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13
Q

type of alkaloid

  • Quaternary amine
  • Less completely absorbed from the GIT
  • Toxic when ingested
  • Eg, in certain mushrooms, it even enters the brain
A

muscarine

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14
Q

type of alkaloid

  • Plant derivative
  • Similar to nicotine
A

LOBELINE

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15
Q

type of Ach

– methyl group at α carbon was changed to amino group

A

c. Carbachol

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16
Q

type of Ach

– addition of methyl group at β carbon, replacement of methyl group with amino group at α carbon

A

Betanechol

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17
Q

type of Ach

addition of methyl group at the β carbon

A

methacholine

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18
Q

type of NH4 group

  • no more electrons to share, cannot attach
  • becomes insoluble in lipids
A

quaternary

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19
Q

type of NH4 group

-cannot be given orally because it has a short duration of action (easily hydrolyzed because water- loving)

A

quaternary

20
Q

type of NH4 group

-no penetrability of CNS because easily hydrolyzed in GIT, cannot reach CNS

A

quaternary

21
Q

unlike choline esters, they don’t have parent drugs because most of them are derived from plants

A
  1. Alkaloids –
22
Q

type of direct-acting drug

  • longer duration of action
  • can be given through the oral route
  • not easily hydrolyzed by GIT
A

alkaloids

23
Q 
type of alkaloid
– cigarette
-isolated as a liquid
-easily absorbed across the skin
-risk is the same for active and passive smoker
A

nicotine

24
Q

type of alkaloid

isolated from mushrooms

A

Muscarine

25
Q

-if there is mushroom poisoning, the signs and symptoms would be

A

parasympathetic (diarrhea, sweating, increase in salivation, increase in urination)

26
Q

ciliary muscle contraction would allow ___ of aqueous humor

A

outflow

27
Q

what happens if aqueous humor accumulates

A

intraocular pressure increases - glaucoma

28
Q

type of drug to give to someone with glaucoma

A

pilocarpine

29
Q

Parasympathetic antagonist – will ____ the lungs

A

dilate

30
Q

can you give parasympathetic antagonist to asthmatic patients

A

yes

31
Q

when there is no activity in the intestine, give a type of drug

A

parasympathetic drug

32
Q

-predominant receptor in BV

A

α1

33
Q

Are there are receptors for parasympathetic in the blood vessels

A

no

34
Q

In BV, -under parasympathetic influence, it stimulates the secretion of _________, which cause vasodilation, thus blood pressure would decrease

A

EDRF or nitrous oxide

35
Q

does parasympathetic have a direct influence on blood vessels?

A

nO

36
Q

Relaxed muscle of the bladder – urine WOULD GO WHERE

A

accumulates inside

37
Q

Contraction of bladder – urine WOULD GO WHERE

A

urine goes out

38
Q

To make bladder contract, give what type of drug

A

parasym

39
Q

type of indirect acting

  • has quaternary NH4 group
  • prototype drug: Edrophonium
A

simple alcohol

40
Q

-prototype drug of simple alcohol

A

Edrophonium

41
Q

predom stimulation in CVS

A

more of sympathetic influence

42
Q

What does EDRF or NO do

A

vasodilation, thus blood pressure would decrease

43
Q

type of indirect acting

  • can be given orally
  • neostigmine
  • physostigmine (exception, lipid soluble)
A
  1. Carbamates
44
Q

type of indirect acting
Quaternary or tertiary NH4 group
 30 minutes to 6 hours
 Reversible

A
  1. Carbamates
45
Q

exception in carbamates because it is lipid soluble

A

physostigmine

46
Q

type of indirect acting
 Highly lipid soluble
 Very long duration
 Irreversible

A

ORGANIC DERIVATIVES OF PHOSPHORIC

ACID

47
Q

type of organophosphate

 Used as insecticides

A

Parathion and malathion (thiophosphates)

Botany (324 decks)

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