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Botany > Bacte Lec - Quiz 1 Control of Microbial Growth > Flashcards

Bacte Lec - Quiz 1 Control of Microbial Growth Flashcards

1
Q

process of destroying all forms of microbial life (vegetative cells and spores)

A

Sterilization –

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2
Q

special structures resistant to chemical and physical changes

A

• Spores

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3
Q

substance that prevents growth of bacteria by destroying cells or inhibiting growth; applied on skin

A

• Antiseptic

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4
Q

chemical agent that destroys only vegetative cells but not spores; applied on inanimate objects

A

• Disinfectant

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5
Q

process of killing or inhibiting the growth of pathogens

A

• Disinfection

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6
Q

kills bacteria, even without chemical agent it will not grow again

A

• Bactericidal

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7
Q

agent that kills microbes

A

• Microbicidal

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8
Q

inhibits growth of bacteria, but without chemical agent bacteria will grow again

A

• Bacteriostatic

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9
Q

chemical agent that inhibits and kills/destroys pathogens without damaging body tissues

A

Antimicrobial agent or antimicrobial drug

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10
Q

agent that kills fungi

A

• Fungicidal

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11
Q

agent that kills spores

A

• Sporicidal

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12
Q

agent that kills viruses

A

• Virocidal

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13
Q

MoA of 70% alcohol

A
  1. Protein denaturation

2. Lipid dissolution

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14
Q

disinfectant, contains phenol, used in lab

A

Lysol

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15
Q

Mechanism of Action of Lysol

A
  1. Inactivation of enzymes
  2. Protein denaturation
  3. Cytoplasmic membrane destruction
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16
Q

– disrupts cell membrane

A

Soap

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17
Q

agent that limits the growth of bacteria to a safe level

A

Sanitizer

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18
Q

Methods to Control Microbial Growth (11)

A 
Heat
radiation
filtration
titration
agitation
osmotic pressure
sonic vibration
low temperature/ cold temperature
lyophilization
ethylene oxide
dessication
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19
Q

2 physical methods of sterilization under heat

A

moist heat

dry heat

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20
Q

why is moist heat better than dry heat

A

has faster coagulation of proteins

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21
Q

methods of sterilization under moist heat

A 
autoclaving
boiling
Fractional/ Tyndallization/Intermittent
inspissation
pasteurization
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22
Q

pressure
temp
duration/time of autoclaving

A

121 C
15 pounds per square inch
15-20 min

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23
Q

methods of sterilization under moist heat

makes use of steam under pressure

A

autoclaving

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24
Q

methods of sterilization under moist heat

no incubation in between

A

autoclaving

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25
Q

advantages of autoclaving (3)

A

> Abundant moisture
Penetrates rapidly
Temperature above boiling

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26
Q

methods of sterilization under moist heat

not effective because it only kills vegetative cells

A

boiling

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27
Q

temp and time for boiling

A

100C

either within 10 min or 2-3 min

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28
Q

added when boiling to increase killing effect

A

2% sodium carbonate

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29
Q

methods of sterilization under moist heat

-uses Arnold’s sterilizer

A

Fractional/ Tyndallization/Intermittent

30
Q

is Fractional/ Tyndallization/Intermittent effective

A

yes

31
Q

time and temp for Fractional/ Tyndallization/Intermittent

A

-100C for 30 min for 3 consecutive days with incubation period in between (to allow spores to germinate and be killed the next day)

32
Q

Fractional/ Tyndallization/Intermittent uses what type of sterilizer

A

Arnold’s sterilizer

33
Q

methods of sterilization under moist heat

-uses an inspissator

A

Inspissation

34
Q

methods of sterilization under moist heat

-used for high protein culture media that cannot withstand high temperature of autoclave

A

Inspissation

35
Q

time temp days for inspissation

A

-75 – 80C for 2 hours for 3 consecutive days

36
Q

Materials Inspissated:

3

A

 Dorset Egg Medium
 Lowenstein-Jensten
 Loeffler Serum

37
Q

form of disinfection originally devised by Louis Pasteur to preserve wine
-but today it is more likely to associate with milk

A

Pasteurization

38
Q

3 Ways by which Milk can be Pasteurized

A

a. High Temperature Short Time/ Flash Method
b. Low Temperature Cooling or Coding
c. Ultra-high Temperature (UHT)

39
Q

3 Ways by which Milk can be Pasteurized

time and temp for High Temperature Short Time/ Flash Method

A

-milk heated at 72C for 15 sec

40
Q

3 Ways by which Milk can be Pasteurized

time and temp for Low Temperature Cooling or Coding

A

-milk heated at 62C for 30 min

41
Q

3 Ways by which Milk can be Pasteurized

time and temp for Ultra-high Temperature (UHT)

A
  • dairy products stored without refrigeration

- milk heated at 72C to 140C and back to 72C for less than 5 sec

42
Q

principle of dry heat

A

oxidation of cellular components

43
Q

types of sterilization under dry heat

A

hot air
open flame
incinerator

44
Q

time and temp for hot air

A

-160 – 180C for 1.5 hrs or 2 hrs

45
Q

principle of open flame

A

burning to ashes

46
Q

temp for incineration and for how long to incinerate

A

870 – 980C until burned into ashes

47
Q

sterilizer of hot air

A

oven

48
Q

equipment used in open flame

A

bunsen burner

49
Q

equipment used in incineration

A

incinerator

50
Q

method of dry heat sterilization

kills microbes rapidly

A

incineration

51
Q

method to control microbial growth

-all types can be injurious, causing death or mutation

A

Radiation

52
Q

2 types of radiation

A

ionizing and non-ionizing

53
Q

MoA of dessication and lyophilization

A

removing water,

54
Q

effect of dessication and lyophilization

A

dehydration

55
Q

MoA of Low Temperature/Cold Temperature

A

changesin cellular proteins

56
Q

MoA of osmotic pressure

A

plasmolysis

57
Q

also called Sterilization/ Gas sterilization/ Gaseous-chemical sterilization

A

ethylene oxide

58
Q

method of microbial growth control, uses a gas chamber

A

ethylene oxide

59
Q

MoA of ethylene oxide

A

alkylation of nucleic acids of bacteria

60
Q

how much chamber space
temp time
for ethylene oxide

A

450 – 750 mg/L of chamber space at 55 – 60C for 2 hours

61
Q

– for inoculating microorganisms

  • enclosed to protect from ____________ exposure
  • with special filter paper: HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Air) filter paper
A

Biological Safety Cabinet

62
Q

special filter paper for biological safety cabinet

A

HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Air) filter paper

63
Q

MoA of titration and agitation

A

mechanical disruption of cell wall

64
Q

MoA of sonic vibration

A

breaking of cell wall

65
Q

removing microorganisms from solution or suspending fluid

-as fluid passes through filter, microbes are trapped in the pores of filtering material

A

Filtration –

66
Q

effectivity of filtration depends on the ff

A

> Porosity
Electric charge of filter
Nature of fluid being filtered

67
Q

Commonly Used Filters to Remove Microbes from a Suspending Fluid

A
  1. Berkefeld filter – made of diatomaceous earth
  2. Seitz – asbestos pad
  3. Chamberland – unglazed porcelain
  4. Membrane – cellulose ester/acetate
  5. Morton – sintered glass
68
Q

– used to determine effectivity of chemical agent

A

Phenol coefficient test

69
Q

types of ionizing radiation

A

x-rays
cathode rays
gamma rays

70
Q

non-ionizing radiation is also ___

A

ultraviolet radiation

Botany (324 decks)

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