Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Botany > BB Lec - Current Trends > Flashcards

BB Lec - Current Trends Flashcards

1
Q

Creating RBCs in the laboratory

A

(blood pharming)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

mechanism for forming O-type RBCs

A

The use of enzymes that remove the carbohydrate moieties of the A and B antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Current research on blood substitutes is focused on two areas:

A

hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) and per- fluorocarbons (PFCs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Originally developed to be used in trauma situations such as accidents, combat, and surgery,

A

RBC substitutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

are intimately involved in primary hemostasis,

A

Platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

interaction of platelets and the vascular endothelium in halting and preventing bleeding following vascular injury.

A

hemostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

cellular fragments derived from the cytoplasm of megakaryocytes present in the bone marrow.

A

Platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

They do not contain a nucleus

A

Platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

platelet DNA found in__

A

mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

average diameter of platelets

A

2 to 4 μm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

normal plt count

A

150,000 to 350,000 per μL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how many days do PLT circulate

A

9-12 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how much plt is sequestered in the microvasculature of the spleen as functional reserves.

A

30% of the platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Used to treat bleeding as associated with thrombocytopenia

A

PLT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Efficacy of transfused platelets: estimated from __

A

CORRECTED COUNT INCREMENT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

CORRECTED COUNT INCREMENT estimates what of platelets?

A

Efficacy of transfused platelets:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

measured after transfusion; does not evaluate or assess the function of the transfused plt

A

CCI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Transfused prophylactically to increase the circulating platelet count in hematology-oncology thrombocytopenic patients to prevent bleeding secondary to drug or radiation therapy

A

PLT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

utilized in some instances to treat other disorders in w/c platelets are qualitatively or quantitatively defective because of genetic reasons

A

PLT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

MAJOR PROBLEM whenplatelet transfusions were given as freshly drawn whole blood or platelet-rich plasma

A

circulatory overload

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Today, platelets are prepared as (2)

A

concentrates from whole blood

by apheresis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The 2007 National Blood Collection and Utilization Survey found that only ??% of platelet doses in the United States were whole blood derived (WBD).

A

17

23
Q

still remain as the primary means of treating thrombocytopenia

A

Platelets

24
Q

Storage limit of PLT

A

5 DAYS

25
Q

The two main reasons for the 5-day shelf-life for platelets are

A

> bacterial contamination at incubation of 22°C

>loss of platelet quality during storage (known as the platelet storage lesion

26
Q

loss of plt quality and viability

A

Plt storage lesion:

27
Q

assoc with loss of membrane integrity

A

Absence of platelet swirling:

28
Q

During the storage of PCs in plasma, the principal buffer is

A

bicarbonate

29
Q

PLT routinely stored at what temp with continuous agitation (primarily flatbed and circular agitators for up to 5 days).

A

20°C to 24°C,

30
Q

In the United States, platelets are being stored WHERE, unless a platelet additive solution is used.

A

in a 100% plasma medium

31
Q

Initially, platelets were stored at ___, based on the successful storage of RBCs at this temperature range

A

1°C to 6°C

32
Q

what happens to PLT when stored at 1-6C?

A

becomes spherical from discoid

33
Q

loss of PLT shape at 1-6c is due to

A

microtubule assembly

34
Q

a study by _______ showed that cold storage at 1°C to 6°C resulted in a marked reduction in platelet in vivo viability, manifested as a reduction in in vivo life span, after only 18 hours of storage. This study also identified for the first time that 20°C to 24°C (room temperature) should be the preferred range, based on viability results.

A

Murphy and Gardner

35
Q

aside from the temp considerations, platelets must also be ___ during storage

A

agitated

36
Q

has been shown to facilitate oxygen transfer into the platelet bag and oxygen consumption by the platelets.

A

agitation

37
Q

what happens when pH was reduced from 6.8 to 6.2

A

platelets progressively changed shape from disks to spheres

38
Q

The ___ being used for storage were identified as being responsible for the fall in pH because of their limiting gas transfer properties for oxygen and carbon dioxide

A

containers

39
Q

1st generation containers

A

polyvinyl chloride (PVC) containing phthalate plasticizer

40
Q

2nd gen containers

A

PVC or polyolefin plastic

41
Q

For most PVC containers,_____ used to increase gas transport

A

alternative plasticizers

42
Q

two alternative plasticizers

A

trimellitate & citrate based a

43
Q

____ is determined by measuring pre-transfusion and post-transfusion platelet counts (1 hour and/or 24 hours) and expressing the difference based on the number of platelets transfused (corrected count increment)

A

Platelet viability

44
Q

The observation of the ____ caused by discoid platelets when placed in front of a light source has been used to obtain a semi-qualitative evaluation of the retention of platelet viability properties in stored units

A

swirling phenomenon

45
Q

indicates the capacity of platelets to circulate after infusion without premature removal or destruction.

A

Viability

46
Q

Platelets have a life span of ??days after release from megakaryocytes.

A

8 to 10

47
Q

is defined as the ability of viable platelets to respond to vascular damage in promoting hemostasis.

A

Function

48
Q

The major concern associated with storage of platelets at 20°C to 24°C is the ?

A

potential for bacterial growth

48
Q

Company developing the technology of blood typeconversion

A

ZymeQuest

49
Q

Company awarded the contract to develop a system to produce O negative RBCs

A

Arteriocyte

50
Q

Blood substitutes areas of research

A

Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers

Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)

51
Q

How much platelet is discarded by blood supplier or hospital blood bank

A

Approx 30% of platelet inventory

52
Q

Identified as being responsible for the fall of pH of PLT due to their limiting gas transfer properties for oxyen and carbon dioxide

A

Containers for storage

53
Q

Disadvantages of culture methods for detection of bacterial contamination of PLT

A

Product loss due to sampling
False negative results
Costs
Delay in product release, further reducing already short shelf-life
Logistical problems of culturing WBD platelets

Botany (324 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions