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respiratory - phyanalab Flashcards

1
Q

Respiration: Three Major Steps

A

Pulmonary ventilation
External respiration
Internal respiration

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2
Q

Moving air in and out of lungs

A

Pulmonary ventilation

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3
Q

Gas exchange between alveoli and blood

A

External respiration

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4
Q

Gas exchange between blood and cells

A

Internal respiration

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5
Q

upper respiratory system

A

Nose and pharynx

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6
Q

lower respiratory system

A

Larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and lungs

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7
Q

consists of All airways that carry air to lungs

A

conduction zone

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8
Q

parts included in conduction zone

A

Nose, pharynx, trachea, larynx, bronchi, bronchioles, and terminal bronchioles

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9
Q

Sites within lungs where gas exchange occurs

A

respiratory zone

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10
Q

parts of the respiratory zone

A

Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli

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11
Q

Warm, humidify, filter/trap dust and microbes

A

nose

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12
Q

Detect olfactory stimuli

A

nose

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13
Q

Modify vocal sounds

A

nose

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14
Q

“Voice box”

A

larynx

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15
Q

Made largely of cartilage

A

larynx

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16
Q

cartilages of the larynx

A

thyroid
cricoid
arytenoids

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17
Q

cartilage of larynx
: V-shaped
“Adam’s apple”: projects more anteriorly in males
Vocal cords “strung” here (and to arytenoids

A

thyroid cartilage

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18
Q

leaf-shaped piece; covers airway

During swallowing, larynx moves up so —— covers opening into trachea

A

epiglottis

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19
Q

cartilage of larynx

inferior most portion

A

cricoid

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20
Q

cartilage of larynx

superior to cricoid

A

Arytenoids

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21
Q

windpipe

A

trachea

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22
Q

Anterior to esophagus and thoracic vertebrae

Extends from end of larynx to primary bronchi

A

trachea

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23
Q

opening in trachea for tube

A

tracheostomy

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24
Q

enter the lungs medially

A

primary bronchiu

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25
Measured by spirometer
Lung Volumes
26
volume of air that can be inhaled beyond tidal volume (TV)
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV
27
volume of air that can be exhaled beyond TV
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
28
Air remaining in lungs after a maximum expiration
= residual volume (RV)
29
TV + IRV
Inspiratory capacity
30
RV + ERV
Functional residual capacity (FRC)
31
IRV + TV + ERV
Vital capacity (VC)
32
VC + RV
Total lung capacity (TLC)
33
branch of medicine that deals with the study and treatment of disorders associated with the nose, ears, and throat
otorhinolarynogology
34
study of diseases associated with lungs
pulmonology
35
divides nasal cavity into left and right sides
nasal septum
36
separates nasal and oral cavity
hard palate
37
bony ridges that modify the lateral walls of nasal cavity
conchae
38
openings within the superior and middle meatus humidifies and heats inhaled air serves as a crumple zone during facial accidents
PARANASAL SINUSES
39
located within each inferior meatus | carries excess tears into nasal cavity
nasolacrimal duct
40
extends from soft palate to epiglottis | common passageway for air, food, drink
oropharynx
41
extends from tip of epiglottis to esophagus | both respiratory and digestive pathway
laryngopharynx
42
located posterior to choanae and superior to soft palate receives air from nasal cavity exchanges small amts of air with auditory tubes
nasopharynx
43
allows air passage to lungs for respiration, thermoregulation, protection
trachea
44
main passageway of air into the lungs | lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
bronchi
45
right lungs has
3 lobes
46
left lung has
2 lobes
47
ends of alveolar ducts | chambers connected to 2 or more alveoli
alveolar sacs
48
cupshaped outpouching lined by simple squamous epithelium | supported by a thin elastic basement membrane
main sites of gas exchange
49
lab proceudre to determine the strength of lungs
spirometry
50
phases of respiratory cycle
exhalation | inhalation
51
movement of air into and out of respi tract
VENTILATION
52
used to measure the volume of air that moves into and out of the lungs
spirometer
53
consists of a drum inverted in a tank of water with a tube that extends from the air space in the drum to the mouth of the subject
wet spiromete
54
suspended from pulley and counterbalanced by weight
drum of spirometer
55
volume of air exhaled into the spirometer is ___ proportional to the rise of the inverted vessel
directly
56
spirogram
record of pulmonary volumes
57
fast, deep, breathing
hyperventilation
58
slow or shallow breathing
hypoventilation
59
amount of carbonic acid during hyperventilation
increased
60
amount of carbonic acid during hypoventilation
decreased
61
buffering ability of blood in hypo/hyperventilation is affected , resulting to
acidosis or alkalosis
62
cause of hyperventilation
anxiety attacks
63
effect of hyperventilation
brief periods of apnea
64
cessation of breathing
apnea
65
cessation of breathingcan lead to build up of
carbon dioxide in the blood
66
if breathing stops for a time, ___ may occur
cyanosis
67
effect of hyperventilation
cyanosis apnea dizzines faint
68
effect of hyperventilation to the buffering abilityof blood
alkalosis
69
constricts cerebral blood vessels
alkalosis
70
smooth muscle movements that cause churning of food
segmentation ocntractions
71
enzyme that digests starch
amylase
72
enzyme that digests lipids
lipase
73
enzyme that digests proteins
pepsin
74
test tubes used in experiment
loefflers
75
reagents used for the digestion of starch by amylase
saliva 0.5% HCl 12 drops buffer
76
how were the test tubes incubated
heated in a water bath (37C) for 30 min
77
reagent use for the starch test
1 drop lugol's iodine solution (orange brown)
78
brown or negative (starch test result)
- negative
79
light blue (starch test result)
+
80
medium blue (starch test result)
++
81
dark blue (starch test result)
+++
82
black (starch test result)
++++
83
sugar test reagent
3 drops of Benedict's reagent (color: aqua blue)
84
blue (sugar test result)
-
85
green (sugar test result)
+
86
yellow (sugar test result)
++
87
orange (sugar test result)
+++
88
red (sugar test result)
++++
89
procedure for sugar test
add 3 drops benedicts reagent mix by swirling put in a beaker with hot water for 3 min
90
proceudre for starch test
``` label spot plate A - F get tubes from water bath mix by swirling place 2 drops of soltuion place 1 drop of lugol observe results ```

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