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Botany > beta-lactam: other drugs > Flashcards

beta-lactam: other drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Is vancomycin absorbed orally?

A

no

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2
Q

Bactericidal glycoprotein

A

A. VANCOMYCIN

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3
Q

Binds to the D-Ala-D-Ala terminal of the nascent peptidoglycan pentapeptide side chain

A

A. VANCOMYCIN

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4
Q

Inhibits transglycosylation

A

A. VANCOMYCIN

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5
Q

Prevents elongation of peptidoglycan chain

A

A. VANCOMYCIN

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6
Q

Interferes with cross-linking

A

A. VANCOMYCIN

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7
Q

Spectrum of activity of VANCOMYCIN

A

Narrow

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8
Q

what is the tissue penetration of vancomycin when given IV?

A

Wide:Penetrates most tissues

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9
Q

Drug that is eliminated unchanged in urine

A

vancomycin

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10
Q

• Rapid IV infusion of vancomycin may cause diffuse blushing called

A

“Red man syndrome”

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11
Q

Cause of “Red man syndrome”

A

Rapid IV infusion of vancomycin

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12
Q

Toxic effects of vancomycin

A 
	Chills
	Fever
	Phlebitis
	Ototoxicity
	Nephrotoxicity
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13
Q

 Antimetabolite inhibitor of cytosolic enolpyruvate transferase

A

fosfomycin

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14
Q

Prevents the formation of N- acetylmuramic acid which is essential in peptidoglycan chain formation

A

fosfomycin

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15
Q

fosfomycin Prevents the formation of ————– which is essential in peptidoglycan chain formation

A

N- acetylmuramic acid

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16
Q

essential in peptidoglycan chain formation

A

N- acetylmuramic acid

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17
Q

In a single dose, drug is less effective than the 7-day course of treatment with fluoroquinolones

A

fosfomycin

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18
Q

Multiple dosing of this drug can result to resistance rapidly

A

fosfomycin

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19
Q

Diarrhea is common with this drug

A

fosfomycin

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20
Q

common toxicity of fosfomycin

A

diarrhea

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21
Q

fosfomycin is synergistic with (2) drugs in specific infections

A

beta-lactam and quinolones

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22
Q

Excreted in the kidney with urinary levels exceeding the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for many urinary tract pathogens

A

fosfomycin

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23
Q

mode of excretion for fosfomycin

A

kidney

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24
Q

Resistance to this drug occurs via decreased intracellular accumulation of the drug

A

fosfomycin

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25
Q

Peptide antibiotic

A

C. BACITRACIN

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26
Q

Interferes with a late stage in cell wall synthesis in gram (+) organisms

A

C. BACITRACIN

27
Q

Limited to topical use only

A

C. BACITRACIN

28
Q

toxicity of bacitracin

A

nephrotoxicity

29
Q

 Antimetabolite

A

cycloserine

30
Q

Blocks the incorporation of D-Ala into the pentapeptide side chain of the peptidoglycan

A

cycloserine

31
Q

Used only in TB caused by organisms resistant to first-line antituberculous drugs

A

cycloserine

32
Q

2nd line anti-TB drugs

A

cycloserine

33
Q

Potentially neurotoxic
 Tremors
 Seizure
 Psychosis

A

cycloserine

34
Q

Used in fixed combination with certain hydrolyzable penicillins
Effective against plasmid-encoded beta-lactamases

A

CLAVULANIC ACID, SULBACTAM, and TAZOBACTAM

35
Q

carbapenem with
 Long half-life
 Less active against pseudomonas
 IM injection causes pain and irritation

36
Q

 Similar to imipenem
 Not metabolized by renal dehydropeptidases
 Less likely to cause seizure

37
Q

advantage of meropenem to imipenem

A

 Not metabolized by renal dehydropeptidases

 Less likely to cause seizure

38
Q

 Rapidly inactivated by renal dehydropeptidases I

39
Q

enzyme that inactivates imipenem

A

renal dehydropeptidases I

40
Q

 Administered in combination imipenem

 Inhibits formation of nephrotoxic metabolites

A

 Cilastatin

41
Q

Inhibitor of the enzyme renal dehydropeptidases I

A

cilastatin

42
Q

Increases the half-life of imipenem

A

 Cilastatin

43
Q

 Adverse effects of imipenem-cilastatin

A

 GI distress
 Skin rash
 At very high plasma levels, CNS toxicity
 Confusion, encephalopathy, seizures

44
Q

drug of choice for enterobacter

45
Q

 Chemically different from penicillins

 Retain the beta-lactam ring

A

carbapenems

46
Q

 Low susceptibility to beta-lactamases

A

carbapenems

47
Q

 Wide activity against
 Gram(+) cocci
 Gram (-) rods
 Anaerobes

A

carbapenems

48
Q

 For pseudomonal infections

 Combined with aminoglycosides

A

carbapenems

49
Q

 Useful for infections caused by organisms resistant to other antibiotics

A

carbapenems

50
Q

RoA of carbapenems

51
Q

Monobactam

52
Q

Resistant to beta-lactamases produced by certain gram (-) rods

53
Q

 No activity against gram (+) and anaerobes

54
Q

 An inhibitor of cell wall synthesis binding to PBP3

55
Q

Synergistic with aminoglycosides

56
Q

 Adverse effects of astreonam

A 
	GI upset with possible superinfection
	Vertigo
	Headache
	Rare hepatotoxicity
	Skin rash
57
Q

is astreonam bactericidal or bacteriostatic

58
Q

is astreonam synergistic with aminoglycosides

59
Q

is astreonam nephrotoxic

60
Q

RoA of astreonam

61
Q

Does astreonam have cross-allergenicity with penicillin?

62
Q

Does imipenem have cross-allergenicity with penicillin?

A

yes but PARTIAL only

63
Q

elimination of astreonam

A

renal tubular secretion

64
Q

half-life of astreonam is prolonged when

A

if person has renal failure

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