Para Lec - Hemoflagellates Trypanosoma Flashcards
location of trypanosoma brucei during febrile periods
circulating blood
lymph nodes
location of trypanosoma brucei during sleepingperiods
CSF
lab diagnosis of trypanosoma cruzi
xenodiagnosis
demonstratoon of trypomastigote in thin and thick smears
habitat of t.cruzi
RES, Cardiac muscle, CNS
Location of amastigote
- Amastigote – intracellular (spleen, reticuloendothelial cells, tissues, monocytes)
Location of epimastigote
vector?
Location of promastigote
develop in gut of vector
Location of trypomastigote
final host, in blood circulation
– infects cattle
Trypanosoma brucei brucei
TRANSMISSION (4)
T. b. gambiense/rhodisiense
- Vector: Tse-tse fly (Common MoT)
- Mechanical transmission: blood-sucking insect
- Mother to child transmission
- Blood transfusion
- Accident infection (pricks)
what stage of african trypanosomiasis
• Characterized by swelling/ small papule from
Stage 1: Hemolymphatic Stage
– swelling of lymph nodes at posterior neck region or at the cervical vertebrae
Winterbottom’s sign
what stage of african trypanosomiasis
• Sleeping sickness stage (blood brain barrier is crossed)
Stage 2: Chronic meningoencephalitic
what stage of african trypanosomiasis
Signs and symptoms: personality change, mood swings, insomnia, daytime lethargy, environmental withdrawal, secondary infection (E.g. Pneumonia)
Stage 2: Chronic meningoencephalitic
• Specimen for african trypanosomiasis diagnosis
: blood, CSF, lymph node aspirate
lab diagnosis for african trypanosomiasis
Gold standard
microscopy
treatment
first stage, for T. brucei rhodisiense
-urinary tract, allergic reactions (Side effects?)
• Suramin
treatment
first stage, for T. brucei gambiense
-side effects more tolerated
Pentamidine
- most important prevention and control for african trypanosomiasis
Education and public awareness
phase of american trypanosomiasis disease
– free of symptoms
intermediate phase
phase of american trypanosomiasis disease
characterized by chagoma (local swelling, observed on site of inoculation) or skin irritation
acute phase
phase of american trypanosomiasis disease
enlargement of esophagus
chronic phase
phase of american trypanosomiasis disease
lesions on internal organs like heart, PNS, esophagus, colon
chronic phase
phase of american trypanosomiasis disease
3 Mega:
severe/chronic phase
what organs involved in 3 mega
megaesophagus
megacolon
megacardiomyopathy
vectors of american trypanosomiasis
Vectors: Triatoma, Rhodnius, Panstrongylus
transmission of american trypanosomiasis
- Vectors: Triatoma, Rhodnius, Panstrongylus (Also known as kissing bug)
- Ingestion of food contaminated with parasites
- Blood transfusion
- Fetal transmission (13% stillborn deaths per year in Brazil)
acute phase of american trypanosomiasis begins
1 week after infection
unilateral swelling of eyelids
Romana’s sign
the stage of the parasite recovered in xenodiagnosis
epimastigote or metacyclic trypomastigote
2 types of smear for lab diagnosis of american trypanosomiasis
wet smear
stained smear
sx for stained smear of american trypanosomiasis
blood, csf
prevention of american trypanosomiasis
vector control
treatment of american trypanosomiasis
benznidazole
nifurtimox
IS stage of trypanosomes to man
trypomastigote
IS stage of trypanosomes to vector
trypomastigote
diagnostic stage of trypanosomes
IS stage of trypanosomes to man
vector of African trypanosomiasis
Glossina spp.
