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Botany > beta-lactam inhibitors - others > Flashcards

beta-lactam inhibitors - others Flashcards

1
Q

OTHER BETA-LACTAM DRUGS

monobactam

A

astreonam

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2
Q

 Resistant to beta-lactamases produced by certain gram (-) rods
 Klebsiella
 Pseudomonas
 Serratia
 No activity against gram (+) and anaerobes

A

astreonam

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3
Q

astreonam RoA

A

IV

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4
Q

Elimination of astreonam

A

 Eliminated via renal tubular secretion

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5
Q

w/ or w/o cross-allergenicity with penicillin?

A

none

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6
Q

adverse effects of astreonam

A 
	Adverse effects 
	GI upset with possible superinfection
	Vertigo
	Headache
	Rare hepatotoxicity
	Skin rash
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7
Q

 An inhibitor of cell wall synthesis binding to PBP3

 Synergistic with aminoglycosides

A

astreonam

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8
Q

 Chemically different from penicillins

 Retain the beta-lactam ring

A

carbapenems

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9
Q

the carbapenems are (3)

A

B. IMIPENEM, MEROPENEM, and ERTAPENEM

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10
Q

 Low susceptibility to beta-lactamases

A

carbapenems

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11
Q

 Wide activity against
 Gram(+) cocci
 Gram (-) rods
 Anaerobes

A

carbapenems

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12
Q

RoA of carbapenems

A

IV

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13
Q

 Useful for infections caused by organisms resistant to other antibiotics

A

CARBAPENEMS

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14
Q

Drug of choice for enterobacter

A

CARBAPENEMS

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15
Q

Inactivates impinem

A

renal dehydropeptidase I

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16
Q

 Administered in combination w/impinen

A

cilastatin

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17
Q

 Increases the half-life of impinem

 Inhibits formation of nephrotoxic metabolites

A

cilastatin

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18
Q

 Inhibitor of the renal dehydropeptidase I

A

cilastatin

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19
Q

 Adverse effects of imipenem-cilastatin

A

GI distress
 Skin rash
 At very high plasma levels, CNS toxicity
 Confusion, encephalopathy, seizures

20
Q

cross-allergenicity with penicillins (C, INC, Par)

A

Partial

21
Q

 Similar to imipenem
 Not metabolized by renal dehydropeptidases
 Less likely to cause seizure

A

MEROPENEM

22
Q

 Long half-life
 Less active against pseudomonas
 IM injection causes pain and irritation

A

ERTAPENEM

23
Q

 Used in fixed combination with certain hydrolyzable penicillins
 Effective against plasmid-encoded beta-lactamases
 Gonococci
 Streptococci
 E. coli
 H. influenzae

A

beta-lactam inihibitors: CLAVULANIC ACID, SULBACTAM, and TAZOBACTAM

24
Q

Bactericidal glycoprotein

A

VANCOMYCIN

25
Q

Binds to the D-Ala-D-Ala terminal of the nascent peptidoglycan pentapeptide side chain

A

VANCOMYCIN

26
Q

Inhibits transglycosylation

A

VANCOMYCIN

27
Q

Prevents elongation of peptidoglycan chain

A

VANCOMYCIN

28
Q

Interferes with cross-linking

A

VANCOMYCIN

29
Q

spectrum of activity of vancomycin

A

Narrow spectrum of activity

30
Q

• Rapid IV infusion of this drug may cause diffuse blushing

 “Red man syndrome”

A

VANCOMYCIN

31
Q

• Eliminated unchanged in urine

A

VANCOMYCIN

32
Q

RoA of vancomycin

A

IV

33
Q

penetrates most tissues

A

VANCOMYCIN

34
Q

• Toxic effects of vancomycin

A 
	Chills
	Fever
	Phlebitis
	Ototoxicity
	Nephrotoxicity
35
Q

• Toxic effects of vancomycin

A 
	Chills
	Fever
	Phlebitis
	Ototoxicity
	Nephrotoxicity
36
Q

 Antimetabolite inhibitor of cytosolic enolpyruvate transferase

A

B. FOSFOMYCIN

37
Q

 Prevents the formation of N- acetylmuramic acid which is essential in peptidoglycan chain formation

A

B. FOSFOMYCIN

38
Q

 Resistance occurs via decreased intracellular accumulation of the drug

A

B. FOSFOMYCIN

39
Q

 Excreted in the kidney with urinary levels exceeding the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for many urinary tract pathogens

A

B. FOSFOMYCIN

40
Q

 In a single dose
 Drug is less effective than the 7-day course of treatment with fluoroquinolones
 Multiple dosing can result to resistance rapidly

A

B. FOSFOMYCIN

41
Q

 Diarrhea is common

 Synergistic with beta-lactam and quinolones in specific infections

A

B. FOSFOMYCIN

42
Q

 Peptide antibiotic
 Interferes with a late stage in cell wall synthesis in gram (+) organisms
 Marked toxicity
 Limited to topical use only

A

C. BACITRACIN

43
Q

RoA of bacitracin

A

Topical

44
Q

 Antimetabolite

A

D. CYLCOSERINE

45
Q

Blocks the incorporation of D-Ala into the pentapeptide side chain of the peptidoglycan

A

D. CYLCOSERINE

46
Q

Used only in TB caused by organisms resistant to first-line antituberculous drugs

A

D. CYLCOSERINE

47
Q

Potentially neurotoxic
 Tremors
 Seizure
 Psychosis

A

D. CYLCOSERINE

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