HEMA 2 LEC - Automation in haematology

Question 1

Require some steps, as dilution of blood samples

Often measure only a small number of variables

Answer 1

Semi-automated instruments

Question 2

Require only that an appropriate blood sample is presented to the instrument.
They can measure 8-20 variables including some new parameters which do not have any equivalent in manual methods.

Answer 2

Fully automated instruments

Question 3

Sizing is based on

Answer 3

impedance technology.

Question 4

Hb is measured automatically by a modification of the

Answer 4

manual (cyanide) method.

Question 5

To reduce toxicity of Cyanide some systems replace it by a non-toxic material ?

Answer 5

Na- lauryl sulphate

Question 6

The RBCs are counted automatically by two methods

2

Answer 6

Aperture impedance

light scattering technology

Question 7

cells are counted as they pass in a stream through an aperture
What method of counting rbc

Answer 7

Aperture impedance:

Question 8

Some problems which could be faced:

3

Answer 8

Two cells passing through the orifice at the same time, counted as one cell.
RBC agglutination(clump of cells)
Counting bubbles or other particles as cells.

Question 9

allows either the PCV or the MCV to be determined.

Answer 9

Pulse height analysis

Question 10

Fully automated multichannel instruments perform WBC counting by either
(3)

Answer 10

Impedance
Or light scattering
Or both.

Question 11

Automated differential counters which are available now generally use _____ incorporated into a full blood counter rather than being standard alone differential counters

Answer 11

flow cytometry

Question 12

3-part differential usually cont

Answer 12

Granulocytes or large cells
Lymphocytes or small cells
Monocytes(mononuclear cells) or (middle cells)

Question 13

5-part classify cells to

Answer 13

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Lymphocytes 
Monocytes

Question 14

A sixth category designated “large unstained cells” include cells larger than normal and lack the peroxidase activity this include

Answer 14

Atypical lymphocytes

Various other abnormal cells.

Question 15

Other counters identifies 7 categories including

Answer 15

Large immature cells(composed of blasts and immature granulocytes)
Atypical lymphocytes(including blast cells).

Question 16

Analysis in diff count may be dependant on:

Answer 16

Volume of the cell
Other physical characteristics of the cells
Sometimes the activity of cellular enzymes such as peroxidase.

Question 17

technologies used in diff count

Answer 17

Light scattering and absorbance

Impedance measurement

Question 18

In general automated differential counters are favourable to the manual in 2 conditions

Answer 18

Exam of normal blood samples

Flagging of abnormal samples

Question 19

An automated retic count can be performed using the fact that ____ Fluorescent cells can then be enumerated using a flowcytometer.

Answer 19

various fluoro-chromes combine with the RNA of the reticulocytes.

Question 20

An automated retic counter also permits the assessment of since

Answer 20

retic maturity

Question 21

the more immature reticulocytes have more RNA fluoresce more or less ?? strongly than the mature retics found normally in PB.

Answer 21

moe strongly

Question 22

Automated instruments produce ______ which allow the presence of more than one population of cells to be appreciated

Answer 22

volume distribution histograms

Question 23

Automated instruments produce volume distribution histograms which allow what?

Answer 23

the presence of more than one population of cells to be appreciated

Question 24

variation in cell volume,

Answer 24

RDW

Question 25

an equivalent of the microscopic assessment of the degree of anisocytosis

Answer 25

RDW

Question 26

RDW is an equivalent of the microscopic assessment of the degree of ___

Answer 26

anisocytosis

Question 27

The total WBC count is determined in whole blood in which __ have been lysed.

Answer 27

red cells

Question 28

Automated differential counters which are available now generally use flow cytometry incorporated into a ____ rather than being standard alone differential counters

Answer 28

full blood counter

Question 29

Monocytes other name (2)

Answer 29

mononuclear cells

middle cells

Question 30

large cells

Answer 30

granulocytes

Question 31

small cells

Answer 31

lymphocytes

Question 32

6th category in diff count automated is called

Answer 32

“large unstained cells”

Question 33

include cells larger than normal and lack the peroxidase activity

Answer 33

“large unstained cells”

Question 34

Automated differential counters employing_____ classify far more cells than is possible with a manual differential count.

Answer 34

flow cytometry

Question 35

Other parameters in PLT automated count include (3)

Answer 35

MPV
PDW
Plateletcrit= MPV x platelet count

Question 36

formula for plateletcrit

Answer 36

MPV x PLT count

Question 37

sysmex model

Answer 37

Sysmex XE-2100