blood - phyana lab Flashcards
functions of blood
transportation
regulation
protection
composition of blood
55% plasma
45%formed elements
composition of plasma
91.5% water
7% proteins
1.5% other nutrients
proteins in plasma
albumin
globulin
fibrinogen
(54%): function in osmosis; carriers
albumin
(38%): serve as antibodies
globulin
(7%): important in clotting
fibrinogen
types of agranulocytes
nk cells
lymphocytes
monocytes
Carries 98.5% of O2 and 23% of CO2
hemoglobin
RBC count (gen, males, females)
RBC count: about 5 million/µl
Male: 5.4 million cells/µl; female: 4.8 million/µl
structure of RBC which provides for maximal gas exchange
Is flexible for passing through capillaries
Lack of nucleus causes biconcave disc shape with extensive plasma membrane
Appear white because of lack of hemoglobin
WBC
Normal WBC count:
5,000-10,000/µl
WBC count usually increases in
INFECTION
Two major classes based on presence or absence of granules in WBC
Granular: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
Agranular: lymphocytes, monocytes
usually make up 2/3 of all WBCs
Neutrophils
Maj function of WBC
defense against
Infection and inflammation
Antigen-antibody (allergic) reactions
wbc Life span:
typically a few hours to days
high WBC count in response to infection, exercise, surgery
Leukocytosis
low WBC count
Leukopenia
from megakaryocytes
platelets
normal count of platelets
150,000-400,000/µl blood
functions of platelets
Plug damaged blood vessels
Promote blood clotting
life span of platelets
Life span 5–9 days
Life span of RBC
3-4 months or 120 days
Blood types in each person are determined by
genetics
antigen of Type A
A antigen
antigen of Type B
B antigen
antigen of Type AB
A antigen and B antigen
antigen of Type O
No antigens
antibody for Type A
anti-B
antibody for Type B
anti-A
antibody for Type AB
none
antibody for Type O
anti-A and Anti-B
RBCs with Rh antigen
Rh+
RBCs without Rh antigen
Rh-
agglutination with anti-D
Rh+
NO agglutination with anti-D
Rh-
color of anti-B
yellow
color of anti-A
blue
color of anti-D
colorless
If mismatched blood (“wrong blood type”) given
antibodies bind to antigens on RBC and RBC hemolyse
Type AB called “universal recipients” because have no
anti-A or anti-B antibodies
Type O called “universal donors” because have neither
A nor B antigen on RBCs
why is type O being a universal donor misleading?
Misleading because of many other blood groups that must be matched
unclotted blood
plasma
part of the blood with anticoagulants
plasma
clotted blood
serum
part of the blood without anticoagulants
serum
expired rbc indication
reddish plasma because of hemolysis
wbc for parastic and allergic rxn
eosinophil
wbc for viral infection
lymphocytes
wbc for bacterial infection
neutrophil
low RBC
anemia
what temp must platelets be stored to avoid disintegration
room temp
blood type is affected by (2)
genetics
pregnancy
2 methods of blood typing
forward and reverse
method of blood typing which makes use of anti-sera
forward
methods of blood typing which makes use of known serum
reverse
Another term for antigens
Agglutinogens
Origin of blood since it is a CT
Mesenchyma
Portion of blood that has no fibrinogen
Serum
Liquid portion of clotted blood
Serum
The formed elements of blood are suspended in the —–
Plasma
Any surface that comes into contact with blood must be —-
Disinfected
One of the simplest most accurate tests in hematologic investi
Hematocrit
Thsi readinf gives the percentage of erythrocytes in whole blood
Hematocrit
What capiklary tube must be used for blood samples with anticoagulant
Non heparinized blue
Sealed end of capillary tube must br positioned at the ——
Periphery
The darker the color of the sample
The higher the hemoglobin content
Components of hemacytometer
Counting chamber
WBC pipet
RBC pipet
Accessory devices of hemacytometer
Thick cover slips
Suction device
An ordinary cover slip cannot be used in hemacytometry because
It has uneven surface
Characteristics of good WBC
Hypotonic Easily prepared Cheap Readily available Good preservative
If the diluting fluid gors beyond 11 mark or if there re bubbles,
Discard mixture and start fron the beginning
angle of the pipette while charging
30-35
In WBC or RBC count secure the pipette using the —— and —– finger
Thumb and middle finger
Characterisitcs of good RBC diluting fluid
Easy to prepare Cheap Good preservative High specific gravity Isotonic Has a buffer action Does not initiate the growth of molds
Another term for antibodies in the plasma
Agglutinins
If a certain agglutinogen is present, its corresponding agglutinin must be _____
Absent
Materials used in blood typing
Blood Lancet must be sterile
Applicator stick
Antiserum A B D
70% alcohol
Time that elapses from the appearance of the first drop of blood to the time the bleeding stops representa
bleeding time
Materials used in bleeding time
Blood lancet
Filter paper
—- surface can shorten bleeding time
Rough
What was done to demonstrate active hyperemia
Left index finger was immersed in hot water 60C
What was done to demonstrate passive hyperemia
Wind a rubber band tightly above the second interphalangeal joint of thr left index finger
