BACTE LAB - What is TB Flashcards
DOTS meaning
direct observed treatment short course
NTP meaning
National TB Control Program
of the 22 countries with 80% of the world’s TB, how many are classified as low-income countries
17
in terms of TB morbidity, what is the rank of the Phil in Western Pacific region
3rd (based on case notification rates)
in terms of TB morbidity, what is the rank of the Phil worldwide
9th (based on WHO watch list)
how many people die yearly from the disease
2.3 M
increased deaths are due to
drug-resistant TB
co-infections of TB
HIV infection
In the Phil, TB ranks as the _th cause of morbidity and mortality
6th
how many filipinos die of TB daily
average 75 - 80 Filipinos
Phil ranked _th among countries with high burden of MDR-TB
8th
agents of TB
M. tuberculosis
M. bovis (occasionally)
characteristics of M. tuberculosis and M. bovis (3)
acid-fast with waxy or mycolic acid cell wall
obligate aerobes
slow growing on Lowenstein Jensen medium
distinguishing characteristics of M. tuberculosis
produces niacin
nitrate reduction positive
catalase negative at 68C
thiopene 2 carboxylic acid (TCH) resistant
main pathogens of M. tuberculosis complex
M. tuberculosis
M. bovis
M. tuberculosis M. bovis are also known as _____ because they produce characteristic lesions called tubercles
tubercle bacilli
acid-fast bacilli appear ___ on a ___background
red on a blue background
2 forms of TB
PTB
EPTB
How does EPTB spread (3)
Blood stream
Lymphatic and bronchial systems
Direct extension
Transmission of bacilli from person to person occurs almost exclusively by
air
primary source of infection
person w/ PTB who coughs and spreads infected droplets
where does transmission of PTB occur
poorly ventilated closed areas
micro aerosols that remain suspended in the air for long periods of time
droplet nuclei
how are droplet nuclei removed
adequate ventilation
mycobacterium can survive these 2 conditions
darkness/dark areas
humid environment
what can kill tubercle bacilli
direct sunlight (Ultraviolet rays)
predisposing factors
poverty
cell-mediated immuno-suppression
HIV infection
this condition increases the risk of getting TB disease
HIV
HIV negative have 10% ____risk
life time risk
HIV positive have 10% ____risk
annual risk
TB resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin
MDR-TB
First line drugs
used to treat all persons with TB disease
isoniazid and rifampicin
rare type of MDR-TB
XDR-TB
resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin
resistant to any fluoroquinolone and at least one of the 3 injectable second-line drugs (amikacin, kanamycin, capreomycin)
XDR-TB
3 injectable second-line drugs
amikacin, kanamycin, capreomycin
Most widely available test for microbiological diagnosis of TB
sputum smear microscopy
Causes of major delays in diagnosing tuberculosis
patient not seeking care
provider not suspecting the disease
ISTC meaning
International Standards for Tuberculosis Care
Active against Mtb complex
May cause transient improvements
Should be avoided
Fluoroquinolones
For patients with sputum smear negative PTB, what type of specimen should be prepared
Sputum culture
For serious ill patients or those with known or suspected HIV, (what must be done)
Diagnostic evaluation must be expedited
If clinical evidence suggests strongly of tb, anti tb treatment must be initiated
