BACTE LAB - What is TB Flashcards

1
Q

DOTS meaning

A

direct observed treatment short course

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2
Q

NTP meaning

A

National TB Control Program

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3
Q

of the 22 countries with 80% of the world’s TB, how many are classified as low-income countries

A

17

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4
Q

in terms of TB morbidity, what is the rank of the Phil in Western Pacific region

A

3rd (based on case notification rates)

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5
Q

in terms of TB morbidity, what is the rank of the Phil worldwide

A

9th (based on WHO watch list)

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6
Q

how many people die yearly from the disease

A

2.3 M

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7
Q

increased deaths are due to

A

drug-resistant TB
co-infections of TB
HIV infection

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8
Q

In the Phil, TB ranks as the _th cause of morbidity and mortality

A

6th

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9
Q

how many filipinos die of TB daily

A

average 75 - 80 Filipinos

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10
Q

Phil ranked _th among countries with high burden of MDR-TB

A

8th

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11
Q

agents of TB

A

M. tuberculosis

M. bovis (occasionally)

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12
Q

characteristics of M. tuberculosis and M. bovis (3)

A

acid-fast with waxy or mycolic acid cell wall
obligate aerobes
slow growing on Lowenstein Jensen medium

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13
Q

distinguishing characteristics of M. tuberculosis

A

produces niacin
nitrate reduction positive
catalase negative at 68C
thiopene 2 carboxylic acid (TCH) resistant

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14
Q

main pathogens of M. tuberculosis complex

A

M. tuberculosis

M. bovis

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15
Q

M. tuberculosis M. bovis are also known as _____ because they produce characteristic lesions called tubercles

A

tubercle bacilli

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16
Q

acid-fast bacilli appear ___ on a ___background

A

red on a blue background

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17
Q

2 forms of TB

A

PTB

EPTB

18
Q

How does EPTB spread (3)

A

Blood stream
Lymphatic and bronchial systems
Direct extension

19
Q

Transmission of bacilli from person to person occurs almost exclusively by

A

air

20
Q

primary source of infection

A

person w/ PTB who coughs and spreads infected droplets

21
Q

where does transmission of PTB occur

A

poorly ventilated closed areas

22
Q

micro aerosols that remain suspended in the air for long periods of time

A

droplet nuclei

23
Q

how are droplet nuclei removed

A

adequate ventilation

24
Q

mycobacterium can survive these 2 conditions

A

darkness/dark areas

humid environment

25
Q

what can kill tubercle bacilli

A

direct sunlight (Ultraviolet rays)

26
Q

predisposing factors

A

poverty
cell-mediated immuno-suppression
HIV infection

27
Q

this condition increases the risk of getting TB disease

A

HIV

28
Q

HIV negative have 10% ____risk

A

life time risk

29
Q

HIV positive have 10% ____risk

A

annual risk

30
Q

TB resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin

A

MDR-TB

31
Q

First line drugs

used to treat all persons with TB disease

A

isoniazid and rifampicin

32
Q

rare type of MDR-TB

A

XDR-TB

33
Q

resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin
resistant to any fluoroquinolone and at least one of the 3 injectable second-line drugs (amikacin, kanamycin, capreomycin)

A

XDR-TB

34
Q

3 injectable second-line drugs

A

amikacin, kanamycin, capreomycin

35
Q

Most widely available test for microbiological diagnosis of TB

A

sputum smear microscopy

36
Q

Causes of major delays in diagnosing tuberculosis

A

patient not seeking care

provider not suspecting the disease

37
Q

ISTC meaning

A

International Standards for Tuberculosis Care

37
Q

Active against Mtb complex
May cause transient improvements
Should be avoided

A

Fluoroquinolones

38
Q

For patients with sputum smear negative PTB, what type of specimen should be prepared

A

Sputum culture

39
Q

For serious ill patients or those with known or suspected HIV, (what must be done)

A

Diagnostic evaluation must be expedited

If clinical evidence suggests strongly of tb, anti tb treatment must be initiated