pharmaco chapter 6 final reviewer

Question 1

• Most of the ganglia are located in the organ innervated, most distant from the spinal cord

Answer 1

PARASYMPATHETIC

Question 2

• Preganglionic fibers are long and the postganglionic fibers are short

Answer 2

PARASYMPATHETIC

Question 3

• Most of the ganglia are located in 2 paravertebral chains that lie along the spinal cord

Answer 3

SYMPATHETIC

Question 4

• Few (prevertebral) on the anterior aspect of the aorta

Answer 4

SYMPATHETIC

Question 5

• Preganglionic fibers are short and the postganglionic fibers are long

Answer 5

SYMPATHETIC

Question 6

NEUROTRANSMITTERS (NTAs)

4 FEATURES

Answer 6

1. Synthesis
2. Storage
3. Release
4. Termination of action

Question 7

• Primary transmitter in all autonomic ganglion and parasympathetic postganglionic synapses

Answer 7

• Acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 8

• ACh is synthesize from acetyl-CoA and choline by

Answer 8

choline acetyltransferase

Question 9

• ACh is synthesize from ——- by choline acetyltransferase

Answer 9

acetyl-CoA and choline

Question 10

• Release of Ach transmitter stores from vesicles in the nerve endings requires the entry of — and interaction between several proteins in the vesicle

Answer 10

calcium

Question 11

3. Termination of action of ACh (how)

Answer 11

• Metabolized to acetate and choline by acetylcholinesterase

TERMINATION OF ACTION
•	By metabolism
•	Acetylcholinesterase
•	 Monoamine oxidase (MAO)
•	 Cathecol-o-methly transferase (COMT)
•	Diffuse away from the synaptic cleft and get metabolized elsewhere
•	Taken up to presynaptic cell 		
•	 UPTAKE 1
•	Taken up to postsynaptic cell
•	 UPTAKE 2

Question 12

• Not excreted but recycled in the body

Answer 12

Ach

Question 13

• Inhibits synthesis of ACh into the cell

Answer 13

HEMICHOLINIUM

Question 14

• Inhibits storage of ACh into the vesicle

Answer 14

VESAMICOL

Question 15

• Inhibits the release of ACh

Answer 15

BOTULINUM TOXIN

Question 16

Primary transmitter at the sympathetic postganglionic synapses

Answer 16

Norepinephrine (NE)

Question 17

• Tyrosine hydroxylase is inhibited by

Answer 17

METYROSINE

Question 18

inactivates portions of the NTA NE in the cytoplasm

Answer 18

• MAO

Question 19

TYPE OF NEUROTRANSMITTER

• Metabolism is not responsible for termination of action

Answer 19

NE

Question 20

inhibits the release of NE

Answer 20

• GUANETHIDINE

Question 21

inhibit the metabolism of NE

Answer 21

• MAO INHIBITORS

Question 22

inhibits the transport/storage of NE

Answer 22

• RESERPINE

Question 23

• Inhibits the synthesis of NE

Answer 23

METYROSINE

Question 24

• A nerve ending that releases acetylcholine as the primary transmitter

Answer 24

CHOLINERGIC

Question 25

• Also a synapse in which acetylcholine is the primary transmitter

Answer 25

CHOLINERGIC

Question 26

• A nerve ending that releases norepinephrine as the primary transmitter

Answer 26

ADRENERGIC

Question 27

• Also a synapse in which norepinephrine is the primary transmitter

Answer 27

ADRENERGIC

Question 28

``` Type of adrenergic receptors Located in • Blood vessels • Presynaptic nerve terminals • Blood platelets • Fat cells (lipocytes) • Neurons in the brain ```

Answer 28

Alpha

Question 29

* Drug that block action potential * Very nonselective * Act on the process that is common to all neurons * Eg, lidocaine

Answer 29

LOCAL ANESTHETICS

Question 30

* Promote the release of NE | * Effect is sympathetic

Answer 30

TYRAMINE AND AMPHETAMINE

Question 31

• Prevents storage of ACh

Answer 31

VESAMICOL

Question 32

* Blocks uptake of ACh | * Slows synthesis of ACh

Answer 32

HEMICHOLINIUM

Question 33

Prevents release ACh

Answer 33

BOTULINUM TOXIN

Question 34

* Binds alpha receptors | * Causes activation (agonist)

Answer 34

NOREPHINEPHRINE

Question 35

* Binds alpha receptors | * Prevents activation (antagonist)

Answer 35

PHENTOLAMINE

Question 36

* Binds beta receptors | * Activates adenyl cyclase (agonist)

Answer 36

ISOPROTERENOL

Question 37

* Binds to beta receptors | * Prevents activation (antagonist)

Answer 37

PROPRANOLOL

Question 38

• Causes skeletal muscle contraction (agonist)

Answer 38

NICOTINE

Question 39

• Prevents skeletal muscle contraction (antagonist)

Answer 39

TUBOCURARINE

Question 40

* Binds muscarinic receptors | * Activates (agonist)

Answer 40

BETANECHOL

Question 41

* Binds muscarinic receptors | * Prevents activation

Answer 41

ATROPINE

Question 42

* Inhibits enzyme acetylcholinesterase | * Prolongs and intensifies transmitter action

Answer 42

NEOSTIGMINE

Question 43

* Inhibits MAO | * Increases stored transmitter pool

Answer 43

TRANYLCYPROMINE

Question 44

A receptor that binds, and is activated by, acetylcholine and related drugs

Answer 44

Cholinoceptor, cholinergic receptor

Question 45

A receptor that binds, and is activated by, one of the catecholamine transmitters or hormones (norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine) and related drugs

Answer 45

Adrenoceptor, adrenergic receptor