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Botany > pharmaco chapter 6 final reviewer > Flashcards

pharmaco chapter 6 final reviewer Flashcards

1
Q

• Most of the ganglia are located in the organ innervated, most distant from the spinal cord

A

PARASYMPATHETIC

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2
Q

• Preganglionic fibers are long and the postganglionic fibers are short

A

PARASYMPATHETIC

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3
Q

• Most of the ganglia are located in 2 paravertebral chains that lie along the spinal cord

A

SYMPATHETIC

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4
Q

• Few (prevertebral) on the anterior aspect of the aorta

A

SYMPATHETIC

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5
Q

• Preganglionic fibers are short and the postganglionic fibers are long

A

SYMPATHETIC

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6
Q

NEUROTRANSMITTERS (NTAs)

4 FEATURES

A
  1. Synthesis
  2. Storage
  3. Release
  4. Termination of action
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7
Q

• Primary transmitter in all autonomic ganglion and parasympathetic postganglionic synapses

A

• Acetylcholine (ACh)

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8
Q

• ACh is synthesize from acetyl-CoA and choline by

A

choline acetyltransferase

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9
Q

• ACh is synthesize from ——- by choline acetyltransferase

A

acetyl-CoA and choline

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10
Q

• Release of Ach transmitter stores from vesicles in the nerve endings requires the entry of — and interaction between several proteins in the vesicle

A

calcium

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11
Q
  1. Termination of action of ACh (how)
A

• Metabolized to acetate and choline by acetylcholinesterase

TERMINATION OF ACTION
•	By metabolism
•	Acetylcholinesterase
•	 Monoamine oxidase (MAO)
•	 Cathecol-o-methly transferase (COMT)
•	Diffuse away from the synaptic cleft and get metabolized elsewhere
•	Taken up to presynaptic cell 		
•	 UPTAKE 1
•	Taken up to postsynaptic cell
•	 UPTAKE 2
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12
Q

• Not excreted but recycled in the body

A

Ach

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13
Q

• Inhibits synthesis of ACh into the cell

A

HEMICHOLINIUM

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14
Q

• Inhibits storage of ACh into the vesicle

A

VESAMICOL

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15
Q

• Inhibits the release of ACh

A

BOTULINUM TOXIN

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16
Q

Primary transmitter at the sympathetic postganglionic synapses

A

Norepinephrine (NE)

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17
Q

• Tyrosine hydroxylase is inhibited by

A

METYROSINE

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18
Q

inactivates portions of the NTA NE in the cytoplasm

A

• MAO

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19
Q

TYPE OF NEUROTRANSMITTER

• Metabolism is not responsible for termination of action

A

NE

20
Q

inhibits the release of NE

A

• GUANETHIDINE

21
Q

inhibit the metabolism of NE

A

• MAO INHIBITORS

22
Q

inhibits the transport/storage of NE

A

• RESERPINE

23
Q

• Inhibits the synthesis of NE

A

METYROSINE

24
Q

• A nerve ending that releases acetylcholine as the primary transmitter

A

CHOLINERGIC

25
Q

• Also a synapse in which acetylcholine is the primary transmitter

A

CHOLINERGIC

26
Q

• A nerve ending that releases norepinephrine as the primary transmitter

A

ADRENERGIC

27
Q

• Also a synapse in which norepinephrine is the primary transmitter

A

ADRENERGIC

28
Q 
Type of adrenergic receptors Located in
•	Blood vessels
•	Presynaptic nerve terminals
•	Blood platelets 
•	Fat cells (lipocytes) 
•	Neurons in the brain
A

Alpha

29
Q
  • Drug that block action potential
  • Very nonselective
  • Act on the process that is common to all neurons
  • Eg, lidocaine
A

LOCAL ANESTHETICS

30
Q
  • Promote the release of NE

* Effect is sympathetic

A

TYRAMINE AND AMPHETAMINE

31
Q

• Prevents storage of ACh

A

VESAMICOL

32
Q
  • Blocks uptake of ACh

* Slows synthesis of ACh

A

HEMICHOLINIUM

33
Q

Prevents release ACh

A

BOTULINUM TOXIN

34
Q
  • Binds alpha receptors

* Causes activation (agonist)

A

NOREPHINEPHRINE

35
Q
  • Binds alpha receptors

* Prevents activation (antagonist)

A

PHENTOLAMINE

36
Q
  • Binds beta receptors

* Activates adenyl cyclase (agonist)

A

ISOPROTERENOL

37
Q
  • Binds to beta receptors

* Prevents activation (antagonist)

A

PROPRANOLOL

38
Q

• Causes skeletal muscle contraction (agonist)

A

NICOTINE

39
Q

• Prevents skeletal muscle contraction (antagonist)

A

TUBOCURARINE

40
Q
  • Binds muscarinic receptors

* Activates (agonist)

A

BETANECHOL

41
Q
  • Binds muscarinic receptors

* Prevents activation

A

ATROPINE

42
Q
  • Inhibits enzyme acetylcholinesterase

* Prolongs and intensifies transmitter action

A

NEOSTIGMINE

43
Q
  • Inhibits MAO

* Increases stored transmitter pool

A

TRANYLCYPROMINE

44
Q

A receptor that binds, and is activated by, acetylcholine and related drugs

A

Cholinoceptor, cholinergic receptor

45
Q

A receptor that binds, and is activated by, one of the catecholamine transmitters or
hormones (norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine) and related drugs

A

Adrenoceptor, adrenergic receptor

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