BACTE LAB - DOTS/Lab Flashcards
form the foundation of National Tuberculosis Control Program
one of the first points of contact for TB suspects
Laboratories
internationall recommended strategy for TB control by WHO and IUATLD
DOTS
IUATLD meaning
International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases
goal of Stop TB Strategy
Reduce global burden of TB by 2015 by ensuring all TB patients benefit from universal access to high-quality diagnosis and patient-centered treatment
Six Point Stop TB Strategy
Pursue quality DOTS expansion and enhancement
Address TB/HIV and MDR-TB
Contribute to health system strengthening
Engage all care providers
Empower patients and communities
Enable and promote research
Main technique for diagnosis of TB utilized by DOTS program
DSSM
DSSM meaning
Direct Sputum Smear Microscopy
Primary sources of infection in communities
Smear-positive cases
These smear cases are usually sick and seek treatment
smear positive pulmonary TB
Criteria in monitoring that are not specific
Clinical and radiologic
it seldom possible to diagnose relapse by means of ___
chest xray
3 Things Monitored by Bacteriological Methods
Evolution of disease during treatment
declaration of cure or failure
relapse
for follow-up, this procedure is more sensitive and reliable than dssm
culture
why is culture more sensitive and reliable than DSSM for follow-up
culture will detect only living bacilli that form colonies
Microscopy (DSSM) will show all AFB, alive or dead
Declaration of failure on smear evidence is more accurate when based on _____
REPEATED positive smears
Reliable diagnosis of relapsing cases
Smear diagnosis
Why culture cannot easily replace smears for follow-up
M. tuberculosis grows very slowly
Repeating a smear examination after 2 weeks will yield an answer before a culture could
These reduces the spread of TB
detection and treatment of infectious cases
Greatest risk of infection for lab staff
Sputum collection
Considerable risk for lab tech
Processing of sputum for culture and drug susceptibility testing
—particles do not remain airborne and do not transmit TB efficiently
Larger
Bacterial load smear +
10^6 to 10^7 bacilli per ml
Bacterial load smear -
10^4 or less bacilli per ml
Most significant predictor of infectiousness of a patient
Difference in bacterial load
Risk of infection depends on (4)
Infectiousness of source
Environment
Duration and intensity of exposure
Susceptibility of recipient
Mechanisms of producing droplet nuclei
Singing and coughing
Where to collect sputum
Open area outisde environment
Where not to collect
Enclosed spaces like labs toilets
Never stand where during collection
In front of patient
3 separate areas for performing tb microscopy
Smear preparation and staining
Performing microscopy
Record keeping and storage
Use ____ instead of surgical masks
N95 or HEPA filter masks
True or False wearing gloves can give technologists a false sense of safety
True
Are gloves necessary to perform sputum microscopy
No. Can still perform even w/o those
Lab coats must be tied back or front
Back
Lab coats prevent Tb Infection true or falsd
False
Excellent disinfectant for cleaning up sputum spills
Phenolic agents
Gen disinfectant
Fresh household bleach diluted 1:10 with water
Good agent for cleaning bench tops
70% alcohol
T or F
N95 respirator is unneccessary if technologist uses appropriate techniques
True
Wearing of gloves is encouraged in smear preparation
T
Once collected, allow a sputum sx to stand undistirbed for – min to (why)
At least 20 min to settle any aerosols
How to remove residual sputum on wire loops
Insert or dip wire loop in alcohol sand washed bottle then flame
