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Botany > MYCOVIRO - Chapter 59 > Flashcards

MYCOVIRO - Chapter 59 Flashcards

1
Q

always unicellular

A

protozoa

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2
Q

may be unicellular or multicellular

A

fungi

algae

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3
Q

always multicellular

A

helminths (have unicellular egg or larval forms)

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4
Q

outermost boundary that comes into direct contact with the environment

A

Glycocalyx

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5
Q

glycocalyx usually composed of

A

polysaccharides

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6
Q

Appears as a network of fibers, a slime layer, or a capsule

A

The Glycocalyx

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7
Q

functions of glycocalyx

A

Protection
Adhesion
Reception of signals

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8
Q

The layer beneath the glycocalyx varies among eukaryotes

Fungi and most algae (Describe cell wall)

A

thick, rigid cell wall

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9
Q

The layer beneath the glycocalyx varies among eukaryotes

protozoa and animal cells (Describe cell wall)

A

do not have this cell wall

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10
Q

Rigid
Provide support and shape
Different chemically from prokaryotic cell walls

A

cell wall

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11
Q

cell wall function

A

Provide support and shape

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12
Q

fungi cell wall inner layer (Describe)

A

Thick, inner layer of chitin or cellulose

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13
Q

fungi cell wall outer layer (Describe)

A

Thin outer layer of mixed glycans

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14
Q

cell wall of this organism is Varied in chemical composition

A

algae

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15
Q

composition of algae cell wall (4)

A

May contain cellulose, pectin, mannans, and minerals

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16
Q

Bilayer of phospholipids with protein molecules embedded

A

Cytoplasmic Membrane

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17
Q

Cytoplasmic Membrane

contains __

A

sterols

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18
Q

component of cytoplasmic membrane
Gives stability
Especially important in cells without a cell wall

A

sterol

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19
Q

Some scattered in the cytoplasm and cytoskeleton

Others associated with RER

A

ribosomes

20
Q

Composed of large and small subunits of ribonucleoprotein

A

ribosomes

21
Q

2 types of microscopic fungi

A

yeast and mold

22
Q

types of microscopic fungi
Round oval shape
Unique mode of asexual reproduction

A

yeast

23
Q

types of microscopic fungi

Long, threadlike cells

A

mold

24
Q

General method of obtaining nutrition

4

A

Penetrates the substrate
Secretes enzymes
Breaks down the enzymes into small molecules
Absorbs the molecules

25
Q

the woven, intertwining mass of hyphae that makes up the body or colony of a mold

A

Mycelium-

26
Q

Unique organizational features of hyphae

divide the hyphae in to segments (most fungi- septate hyphae)

A

Septa

27
Q

Unique organizational features of hyphae

one long, continuous cell

A

Nonseptate hyphae-

28
Q

visible mass of growth on the substrate surface; penetrates the substrate to digest and absorb nutrients

A

Vegetative hyphae (mycelia)-

29
Q

from vegetative hyphae; responsible for the production of spores

A

Reproductive (fertile) hyphae-

30
Q

functions of hyphae

A

vegetative and reproductive

31
Q

Function of spores

A

Multiplication
Survival
Producing genetic variation
Dissemination

32
Q

Primary reproductive mode

A
  • the production of spores
33
Q

asexual spore
Formed by successive cleavages within the sporangium
Sporangium attached to the sporangiophore
Released when the sporangium ruptures

A

Sporangiospores

34
Q

Aka conidia
Free spores
Develop either by pinching off the tip of fertile hypha or by segmentation of a vegetative hypha

A

conidiospores

35
Q

type of spore
Increases genetic variation
Majority of fungi produce sexual spores at some point

A

Sexual Spores

36
Q

Other characteristics that contribute to identification

A

Hyphal type
Colony texture and pigmentation
Physiological characteristics
Genetic makeup

37
Q

Human infection by pathogenic fungi usually occurs through ???

A

accidental contact

38
Q

Humans are generally resistant to fungal infection, except for two main types ??

A

Primary pathogens

Opportunistic pathogens

39
Q

Mycoses vary in (2)

A

the way the agent enters the body and the degree of tissue involvement

40
Q

Benefits of fungi

A

Decomposing organic matter and returning essential minerals to the soil
Mycorrhizae increase the ability of plant roots to absorb water and nutrients

41
Q

increase the ability of plant roots to absorb water and nutrients

A

Mycorrhizae

42
Q

fungi is used for the production of: (4)

A

Antibiotics
Alcohol
Organic acids
Vitamins

43
Q

fungi Acquire nutrients from ___

A

substrates

44
Q

Most fungi are saprobes

but Can also be ___

A

parasites

45
Q

most fungi Most can propagate by (2)

A

growth of hyphae or fragmentation

Botany (324 decks)

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