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Botany > SI LEC - History > Flashcards

SI LEC - History Flashcards

1
Q

when did immunology become an independent subject

A

1971, International Conference of

Immunology, in USA

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2
Q

3 periods in the history of immunology

A

Experiential Immunology period
Experimental Immunology period
Modern Immunology period

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3
Q

period of immunology

the 17th century- the middle of 19th century

A

experiential period

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4
Q

is a disease that has a high mortality rate or a calamity with widespread and serious consequences for its victims

A

Plague

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5
Q

who introduced variolation in england from turkey

A

Lady mary wortley montague

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6
Q

process of inoculation of small pox to produce immunity

A

Variolation:

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7
Q

who first introduced variolated

A

chinese medical practitioners

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8
Q

He discovered that cowpox vaccination protected against smallpox in 1796 based on the practice of the chinese

A

edward jenner, english physician

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9
Q

A preparation of microbial antigen, often combined with adjuvants, that is administered to individuals to induce protective immunity against microbial infections.

A

Vaccine:

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10
Q

A general term for immunization against infectious diseases, orginally derived from immunization against smallpox which uses the Vaccinia virus.

A

Vaccination:

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11
Q

: inorganic or organic chemicals, macromolecules or entire cells of certain killed bacteria, which enhance the immune response to an antigen

A

Adjuvants

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12
Q

In ancient times,many serious infection diseases,such as smallpox, plague and cholera etc. caused innumerable people dead.
what period

A

experiential period

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13
Q

molecular structure of 2 antigens are almost similar

one antigen will be able to react w/ the same antibody

A

cross-reactivity/cross reaction

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14
Q

types of vaccines (8)

KATVECHS

A

killed, attenuated, toxoid, subunit, conjugate, experimental, valence, heterotypic

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15
Q

type of vaccine
vaccines that are pathogens of other animals that either do not cause disease or cause mild disease in the organism being treated

A

heterotypic/heterologous/jennerian

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16
Q

type of vaccine

not the whole organism but jus the antigenic parts

A

subunit

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17
Q

type of vaccine

weakened organism

A

attenuated aG

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18
Q

type of vaccine

vaccine + another substance

A

conjugated

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19
Q

what period

the middle of 19th century-the middle of 20th century

A

Experimental Immunology period

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20
Q

1st to introduce active immunity

A

Robert Koch

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21
Q

isolated and cultured bacteria successfully

A

Robert Koch

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22
Q

according to him,
—-Infectious diseases were caused
by pathogens

A

Pasteur

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23
Q

he produced an anti-cholera live-attenuated vaccine

(old culture of Chicken V.cholera)

A

Louis Pasteur

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24
Q

what substance was used by Louis Pasteur to produced an anti-cholera live-attenuated vaccine

A

old culture of Chicken V.cholera

25
Q

type of active immunity

Antigen was artificially made

A

artificial active immunity

26
Q

what kind of immunity was discovered by Pasteur

A

artificial active immunity

27
Q

The form of adaptive immunity that is induced by exposure to a foreign antigen and in which the immunized individual plays an active role in responding to the antigen.

A

Active immunity:

28
Q

type of immunity that was discovered In the late eighties of 19th century

A

passive immunity

29
Q

who introduced passive immunity

A

roux and yersin

30
Q

—Diphtheria was caused by exotoxin produced by C.diphtheriae
The discovery of diphtheriae antitoxin and bactericidins

A

roux and yersin

31
Q
  • —diphtheriae antitoxin was applied in treatment of Diphtheria
    • — Artificial passive immunity
A

Von Behring and Kitasato

32
Q

The form of immunity to an antigen that is established in one individual by transfer of antibody or lymphocytes from another individual who is immune to that antigen.

A

Passive immunity:

33
Q
  • —Study on antigenic determinant (epitope)

- —ABO blood type

A

Landsteiner

34
Q

—-Ab is gamma globulin

A

Tiselius and Kabat

35
Q

—-Molecular structure of Ab:

4 peptides

A

Porter and Edelmen

36
Q

who found natural immune tolerance

A

Owen

37
Q

who set up animal model of acquired immune tolerance in newborn period.

A

Medawar

38
Q

a single organism composed of genetically distinct cells. This can result in male and female organs, two different blood types

A

Chimera:

39
Q

a group cells that stem from identical

A

Clone:

40
Q

The clones of lymphocyte that can recognize self-Ags will be destroyed or learn to tolerance to self Ags (forbidden clones) at the early stage of their development— is termed as??

A

clone deletion

41
Q

The clones of lymphocytes that can be interacted with corresponding Ag (by Ag receptors ) can be selected and lead to activation, proliferation , produce Ab and specific memory cells—is termed as???

A

clone selection

42
Q

cell mediated immunity proponent

A

metchnikoff

43
Q

HMI proponent

A

ehrlich

44
Q

Ab in serum could promote the phagocytosis of phagocytic cells
—- proponent

A

Wright & Dauglas

45
Q

person?—-Anaphylaxis

A

Richet and Portier

46
Q

person?—-Hypersensitivity
In 1903,Arthus—-Arthus phenomenon
In 1907,Donath and Landsteiner
—-Autoantibody cause autoimmune disease

A

Pirquet and Shick

47
Q

person?—-Arthus phenomenon

A

arthus

48
Q

person

—-Autoantibody cause autoimmune disease

A

Donath and Landsteiner

49
Q

potentially life threatening, severe allergic reaction

A

Anaphylaxis:

50
Q

: form of immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity resulting in erythema, edema, hemorrhage, and necrosis observed in rabbits after injection of antigen to which the animal has already been sensitized and for which it has specific IgG antibodies.

A

Arthus phenomenon

51
Q

what time period

the middle of 20th century-the 21th century

A

Modern Immunology period

52
Q
  • —Chicken without bursa can not produce Ab

- —B cell

A

Glick Fabricius and Xianguang Zhang

53
Q

In 1961,???

  • —cell mediated immunity of new born mice whose thymus were taken away are defective
  • —T cell
A

Good and Miller

54
Q

Study on monoclonal antibody

A

Kohler and Milstein

55
Q

introduced MHC

A

Jean Dauset

55
Q

Study on clinical immunology (4)

A

Organ transplantation
Autoimmune diseases
Tumor immunology
Infectious diseases

56
Q

Study on applied immunology (4)

A

Preparation of monoclonal and genetic engineering antibody
Preparation of recombinant cytokines
Study on DNA vaccine
Study on treatment with immune cells

57
Q

New techniques of modern immunology and application (4)

A

Separation of immune cells
Protein analysis technique
Phage display technique
Preparation of new animal model

Botany (324 decks)

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