SI LEC - History Flashcards
when did immunology become an independent subject
1971, International Conference of
Immunology, in USA
3 periods in the history of immunology
Experiential Immunology period
Experimental Immunology period
Modern Immunology period
period of immunology
the 17th century- the middle of 19th century
experiential period
is a disease that has a high mortality rate or a calamity with widespread and serious consequences for its victims
Plague
who introduced variolation in england from turkey
Lady mary wortley montague
process of inoculation of small pox to produce immunity
Variolation:
who first introduced variolated
chinese medical practitioners
He discovered that cowpox vaccination protected against smallpox in 1796 based on the practice of the chinese
edward jenner, english physician
A preparation of microbial antigen, often combined with adjuvants, that is administered to individuals to induce protective immunity against microbial infections.
Vaccine:
A general term for immunization against infectious diseases, orginally derived from immunization against smallpox which uses the Vaccinia virus.
Vaccination:
: inorganic or organic chemicals, macromolecules or entire cells of certain killed bacteria, which enhance the immune response to an antigen
Adjuvants
In ancient times,many serious infection diseases,such as smallpox, plague and cholera etc. caused innumerable people dead.
what period
experiential period
molecular structure of 2 antigens are almost similar
one antigen will be able to react w/ the same antibody
cross-reactivity/cross reaction
types of vaccines (8)
KATVECHS
killed, attenuated, toxoid, subunit, conjugate, experimental, valence, heterotypic
type of vaccine
vaccines that are pathogens of other animals that either do not cause disease or cause mild disease in the organism being treated
heterotypic/heterologous/jennerian
type of vaccine
not the whole organism but jus the antigenic parts
subunit
type of vaccine
weakened organism
attenuated aG
type of vaccine
vaccine + another substance
conjugated
what period
the middle of 19th century-the middle of 20th century
Experimental Immunology period
1st to introduce active immunity
Robert Koch
isolated and cultured bacteria successfully
Robert Koch
according to him,
—-Infectious diseases were caused
by pathogens
Pasteur
he produced an anti-cholera live-attenuated vaccine
(old culture of Chicken V.cholera)
Louis Pasteur
what substance was used by Louis Pasteur to produced an anti-cholera live-attenuated vaccine
old culture of Chicken V.cholera
type of active immunity
Antigen was artificially made
artificial active immunity
what kind of immunity was discovered by Pasteur
artificial active immunity
The form of adaptive immunity that is induced by exposure to a foreign antigen and in which the immunized individual plays an active role in responding to the antigen.
Active immunity:
type of immunity that was discovered In the late eighties of 19th century
passive immunity
who introduced passive immunity
roux and yersin
—Diphtheria was caused by exotoxin produced by C.diphtheriae
The discovery of diphtheriae antitoxin and bactericidins
roux and yersin
- —diphtheriae antitoxin was applied in treatment of Diphtheria
- — Artificial passive immunity
Von Behring and Kitasato
The form of immunity to an antigen that is established in one individual by transfer of antibody or lymphocytes from another individual who is immune to that antigen.
Passive immunity:
- —Study on antigenic determinant (epitope)
- —ABO blood type
Landsteiner
—-Ab is gamma globulin
Tiselius and Kabat
—-Molecular structure of Ab:
4 peptides
Porter and Edelmen
who found natural immune tolerance
Owen
who set up animal model of acquired immune tolerance in newborn period.
Medawar
a single organism composed of genetically distinct cells. This can result in male and female organs, two different blood types
Chimera:
a group cells that stem from identical
Clone:
The clones of lymphocyte that can recognize self-Ags will be destroyed or learn to tolerance to self Ags (forbidden clones) at the early stage of their development— is termed as??
clone deletion
The clones of lymphocytes that can be interacted with corresponding Ag (by Ag receptors ) can be selected and lead to activation, proliferation , produce Ab and specific memory cells—is termed as???
clone selection
cell mediated immunity proponent
metchnikoff
HMI proponent
ehrlich
Ab in serum could promote the phagocytosis of phagocytic cells
—- proponent
Wright & Dauglas
person?—-Anaphylaxis
Richet and Portier
person?—-Hypersensitivity
In 1903,Arthus—-Arthus phenomenon
In 1907,Donath and Landsteiner
—-Autoantibody cause autoimmune disease
Pirquet and Shick
person?—-Arthus phenomenon
arthus
person
—-Autoantibody cause autoimmune disease
Donath and Landsteiner
potentially life threatening, severe allergic reaction
Anaphylaxis:
: form of immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity resulting in erythema, edema, hemorrhage, and necrosis observed in rabbits after injection of antigen to which the animal has already been sensitized and for which it has specific IgG antibodies.
Arthus phenomenon
what time period
the middle of 20th century-the 21th century
Modern Immunology period
- —Chicken without bursa can not produce Ab
- —B cell
Glick Fabricius and Xianguang Zhang
In 1961,???
- —cell mediated immunity of new born mice whose thymus were taken away are defective
- —T cell
Good and Miller
Study on monoclonal antibody
Kohler and Milstein
introduced MHC
Jean Dauset
Study on clinical immunology (4)
Organ transplantation
Autoimmune diseases
Tumor immunology
Infectious diseases
Study on applied immunology (4)
Preparation of monoclonal and genetic engineering antibody
Preparation of recombinant cytokines
Study on DNA vaccine
Study on treatment with immune cells
New techniques of modern immunology and application (4)
Separation of immune cells
Protein analysis technique
Phage display technique
Preparation of new animal model
