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Botany > MYCOVIRO - CH 60 of book part 1 > Flashcards

MYCOVIRO - CH 60 of book part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Produce large, ribbon-like hyphae that contain occasional septa

A

MUCORALES (ZYGOMYCETES)

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2
Q
  1. Have sporangia (saclike fruiting structures) that produce sporangiospores and is formed at the tip of a
    supporting structure called sporangiophore
A

MUCORALES (ZYGOMYCETES)

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3
Q
  1. Sporangiophores are connected to one another by occasionally septate hyphae called stolons, attached
    to contact points where root-like structure (rhizoids) may appear and anchor the organism to the agar
    surface.
A

MUCORALES (ZYGOMYCETES)

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4
Q
  1. Commonly found on decaying vegetable matter or old bread or in soil
A

MUCORALES (ZYGOMYCETES)

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5
Q
  • infection caused by mucorales
A

Mucormycosis

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6
Q

can lead to vascular invasion and rapidly produce thrombosis and tissue necrosis - perineural invasion can also occur

A

Mucormycosis

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7
Q

one of the most common presentation of mucormycosis

A
  • rhinocerebral form
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8
Q

infection w/c involves nasal mucosa, palate, sinuses, orbit, face and brain

A
  • rhinocerebral form
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9
Q

stains for mucorales ID

A

Calcofluor white or KOH

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10
Q

What to observe under microscope for mucorales ID

A

observe branching, broad-diameter, predominantly nonseptated hyphae

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11
Q

Cultivation: Fluffy, white to gray or brown hyphal growth, resembles cotton candy

A

mucorales

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12
Q

grows rapidly; covers agar suface within 24 to 96 hours

A

mucorales

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13
Q

hyphae may lift the lid of agar plate (aka “lid lifter”)

A

mucorales

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14
Q

may appear to be coarse - dish is filled with loose, grayish hyphae, dotted with brown or black sporangia

A

mucorales

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15
Q

Mucorales spp

- unbranched sporangiophores; rhizoids appear opposite the point where stolon arises

A

Rhizopus spp

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16
Q

Mucorales spp
- singularly produced or branched sporangiophores with round sporangium at the tip; no
rhizoids or stolons

A

Mucor spp.

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17
Q

Mucorales spp

  • pyriform sporangia with funnel-shaped area (apophysis)
  • rhizoids originate between sporangiophores as with Absidia spp.
A

Lichtheimia spp.

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18
Q
  • infections caused by dermatophytes involving the superficial areas of the body
A

Dermatomycoses

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19
Q
  • most common fungal infections; referred to as tinea (“ringworm”)
A

Dermatomycoses

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20
Q
  • they break down and utilize keratin as nitrogen source
A

dermatophytes

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21
Q
  • usually incapable of penetrating the subcutaneous tissue unless host is immunocompromised (even then, it is rare)
A

dermatophytes

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22
Q

gross appearance of lesion of which fungus: outer ring of the active progressing infection, with central healing

A

dermatophytes

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23
Q

stains for dermatophytes (2)

A

Calcofluor white or KOH

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24
Q

observe what structures for dermatophytes

A

presence of hyaline septate hyphae and/or arthroconidia

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25
Q
  • infected hair shaft may be seen filled with masses of large arthroconidia in chains (endothrix invasion) or may show external masses of spores that ensheath the hair shaft (ectothrix invasion)
A

dermatophytes/dermatomycoses

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26
Q

used for final ID of dermatophytes

A

cultivation

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27
Q

what fungal infection reveal hyphae and air spaces within the shaft

A

T. schoenleinii

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28
Q

initial growth of dermatophytes is often subcultured onto what agars (2) to induce sporulation

A

cornmeal agar or potato dextrose agar

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29
Q
  • most common causes of feet and nails infection
A

TRICHOPHYTON SPP.

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30
Q
  • most are anthrophilic (“human-loving”), few are zoophilic (primarily infecting animals)
A

TRICHOPHYTON SPP.

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31
Q
  • microconidia: smooth, spherical or pyriform or club-shaped (clavate), thin-walled with 3 to 8 septa;
    “birds on a fence”
A

TRICHOPHYTON SPP.

32
Q
  • macroconidia: singly at terminal ends of hyphae or on short conidiophores
A

TRICHOPHYTON SPP.

33
Q

rx for trichophyton

A
  • Rx: terbinafine
34
Q
  • colony: flat or heaped-up, white to reddish, cottony or velvet surface; may be fluffy or granular
A

T. rubrum

35
Q
  • reverse side: cherry red color produced only after 3 to 4 weeks of incubation
A

T. rubrum

36
Q
  • macroconidia: cigar-shaped or pencil-shaped; sometimes on granular strain
A

T. rubrum

37
Q
  • urease (-), hair penetration (-)
A

T. rubrum

38
Q
  • rapidly-growing; most common cause of athlete’s foot
A

T. mentagrophytes

39
Q

2 colonial forms of t. rubrum

A

fluffy or granular

40
Q

2 colonial forms of t. mentagrophytes

A

downy and granular variety

41
Q

what variety of mentagrophytes from tinea pedis

A

downy

42
Q

what variety of mentagrophytes from lesions acquired by contact with animals

A

granular

43
Q
  • colony: white to cream-colored to yellow, red pigmentation (granular colonies)
A

T. mentagrophytes

44
Q
  • reverse side: rose-brown
A

T. mentagrophytes

45
Q
  • microconidia: small, spherical in grapelike-clusters; produced by granular colonies
A

T. mentagrophytes

46
Q
  • macroconidia: thin and smooth-walled, cigar-shaped with 2 to 5 septa; has a definitive narrow
    attachment to the base
A

T. mentagrophytes

47
Q
  • urease (+); penetrates hair
A

T. mentagrophytes

48
Q

CA of tinea capitis;

A

T. tonsurans

49
Q

produces circular, scaly patches of alopecia (loss of hair); “black dot” ringworm

A

T. tonsurans

50
Q
  • slow-growing, enhanced by thiamine or inositol in casein agar
A

T. tonsurans

51
Q
  • colony: buff to brown, wrinkled and suedelike, shows radial folds and craterlike depression in the
    center
A

T. tonsurans

52
Q
  • reverse side: yellowish to reddish brown
A

T. tonsurans

53
Q
  • microconidia: with flat bases, located on the sides of hyphae; with age becomes swollen and elongated (balloon forms)
A

T. tonsurans

54
Q
  • chlamydoconidia in old cultures
A

T. tonsurans

55
Q
  • causes lesions in cattle and in humans on the beard, neck, wrist and back of hand
A

T. verrucosum

56
Q
  • chain of large spores are seen in short stubs of hair from lesions
A

T. verrucosum

57
Q
  • slow-growing (14 to 30 days); enhanced at 35C to 37C, enriched with thiamine and inositol
A

T. verrucosum

58
Q
  • culture medium: 4% casein and 0.5% yeast extract; can hydrolyze casein
A

T. verrucosum

59
Q
  • colony: small, heaped and folded with aerial mycelium; ranges from gray and waxlike to bright yellow
A

T. verrucosum

60
Q
  • reverse side: nonpigmented but may be yellow
A

T. verrucosum

61
Q
  • chlamydoconidia in chains; antler hyphae
A

T. verrucosum

62
Q
  • macroconidia: “rat tail” or “string bean”; rarely formed
A

T. verrucosum

63
Q

causes tinea favosa or favus;

A

T. schoenleinii

64
Q

formation of yellowish cup-shaped crusts or scutulae on the scalp, scarring and permanent alopecia

A

Tinea favosa

65
Q
  • large inverted cones of hyphae, athroconidia at the base of the hair follicle and branching hyphae throughout the hair shaft;
A

T. schoenleinii

66
Q

favic chandeliers and chlamydospores

A

T. schoenleinii

67
Q

slow-growing organism (30 days or longer)

A

T. schoenleinii

68
Q
  • colony: white to light gray, waxy surface, irregular border, submerged hyphae that cracks the agar, nonpigmented
A

T. schoenleinii

69
Q
  • reverse side: tan or nonpigmented
A

T. schoenleinii

70
Q

knobby and club-shaped hyphae

A

T. schoenleinii

71
Q
  • colony: “port wine” in color (purple), heaped up, verrucous, waxy
A

T. violaceum

72
Q
  • causes infection of scalp and body; endothrix hair invasion, “black dot” type of tinea capitis
A

T. violaceum

73
Q
  • very slow-growing; enhanced growth with thiamine
A

T. violaceum

74
Q
  • reverse side: purple or nonpigmented
A

T. violaceum

75
Q

no micro and macroconidia

A

T. violaceum

76
Q

has swollen hyphae with granules and chlamydoconidia

A

T. violaceum

77
Q
  • agent of tinea imbricata
A

T. concentricum

Botany (324 decks)

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