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Botany > BACTE LEC - Quiz 1 > Flashcards

BACTE LEC - Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

source of infecting agent

A

Reservoir

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2
Q

means by which humans may acquire microorganisms

A

Mode of Transmission

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3
Q

living entity that transmit microorganism from the reservoir to host

A

Vectors

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4
Q

nonliving entity that transmit microorganism from the reservoir to host

A

Vehicle or Fomite

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5
Q

Identify bacteria present in Chicken

A

– Salmonella spp.

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6
Q

Identify bacteria present in Rat’s urine

A

– Leptospira interrogans (cause of leptospirosis)

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7
Q

Identify bacteria present in Cat’s scratch –

A

Bartonella henselae

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8
Q

Identify bacteria present in Tick in rats –

A

Yersinia pestis

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9
Q

fever caused by ticks

A

*Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever –

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10
Q

Many fungal agents are acquired by ??? of soil and dust particles containing microorganisms and through ???

A

inhalation

penetration of wounds

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11
Q

Factors that Cause Diseases

A
  1. Status of host’s immune system
  2. Protection from microbial invasion
  3. Inherent microbial factors
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12
Q

Types of Microbial Flora

  • commonly found on or in body sites
  • beneficial: compete against pathogenic bacteria for nutrients and space so these pathogens won’t be able to use it to their advantage
  • overpopulate so pathogens will not be able to live at a certain site of the body
A
  1. Normal, usually indigenous flora
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13
Q

Types of Microbial Flora

colonize an area for months/years

A

resident

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14
Q

hosts with pathogenic organism but not manifesting symptoms, capable of transmitting infections

A

carrier

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15
Q

Types of Microbial Flora

present at a site temporarily

A

transient

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16
Q

bacteria always present on skin/nose

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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17
Q

infection caused by microbes with low virulence but becomes pathogenic in a host with low immunologic response

A

Opportunistic infection

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18
Q

Composition of Microbial Flora at Different Body Sites

Skin

A

sebaceous/sweat glands, squamous cells (keep on shedding/dislodging bacteria)

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19
Q

Composition of Microbial Flora at Different Body Sites

mouth

A

low redox potential at tooth surfaces (anaerobes)

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20
Q

Composition of Microbial Flora at Different Body Sites

Respiratory tract

A

alveolar macrophages

delivery of air from the outside of body to pulmonary tissues

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21
Q

Composition of Microbial Flora at Different Body Sites

Sweat

A

contains lysozymes which destroy bacterial cell wall

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22
Q

found in sweat, destroys bacterial cell wall

A

lysozymes

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23
Q

found in respiratory tract, phagocytose

A

alveolar macrophages

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24
Q

Composition of Microbial Flora at Different Body Sites

GIT

A

gastric acidity

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25
Q

PATHOGENESIS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2)

A

a. Suppression by immunosuppressive drugs, chemotherapy or radiation
b. Individuals with lymphoma, leukemia, chronic illnesses, cirrhosis

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26
Q

invasion of a pathogen with structural or functional harm, characterized by signs and symptoms

A

*Infectious diseases

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27
Q

bacteria in oyster

A

Vibrio cholera

28
Q

invasion or growth of a pathogen

A

Infection

29
Q

infection which develop quickly

A

Acute infection

30
Q

infection which develop and progress slowly, sometimes in a period of years

A

Chronic infection

31
Q

disease which spread from one person to another or from an animal to a person
-spread often happens via airborne viruses or bacteria, but also through blood or other bodily fluid

A

*Communicable/contagious/infectious -

32
Q

disease which do not spread from one person to another or from an animal to a person

A

*Non-communicable

33
Q

– cases are isolated in a given community, disease occurs only rarely and without regularity

A

Sporadic

34
Q

steady cases of occurrence of disease in a given area

A

endemic

35
Q

sudden increase of infection in a given area)

A

outbreak

36
Q

continuous increase of infection

A

epidemic

37
Q

occurs worldwide (Ex. Ebola)

A

pandemic

38
Q

opposite of endemic

A

outbreak

39
Q

– the spread of diseases; new cases of infection

A

Incidence of disease

40
Q

– study of present and previous infection

-how seriously and how long it affects a population

A

Prevalence of the disease

41
Q

– make the body more susceptible to disease or alters the course of a disease

A

Predisposing Factors

42
Q

what are the predisposing factors (9)

A
  • Gender
  • Age
  • Fatigue
  • Environment
  • Lifestyle
  • Pre-existing illness
  • Chemotherapy
  • Emotional disturbances
  • Habits
43
Q

Patterns of Disease (normal cycle)

time when the person developed the disease but is not manifesting signs and symptoms, lag phase

A

incubation period

44
Q

Patterns of Disease (normal cycle)

varies, time when the person Is exposed to an agent

A

prodromal

45
Q

Patterns of Disease (normal cycle)

manifesting signs and symptoms

A

illlness

46
Q

Patterns of Disease (normal cycle)

time when the person is starting to feel better; signs and symptoms subside

A

decline

47
Q

Patterns of Disease (normal cycle)

development of antibody

A

convalescence

48
Q

Pathogenic Determinants (Elements of the microorganism that prevent it from being killed and thus be able to infect another organism)

A
  1. Adhesins
  2. Capsule – prevents phagocytosis
  3. Cell Wall Components
49
Q

type of toxin

toxic substances secreted by bacteria and released outside the cell

A
  1. Exotoxins
50
Q

bacterial toxins consisting of lipids that are located within a cell

A

Endotoxins

51
Q

type of toxin

produced by Gram-positive

A

exotoxins

52
Q

type of toxin

protein in nature

A

exotoxins

53
Q

type of toxin

effects: specific for a particular cell structure or functions in the host

A

exotoxins

54
Q

type of toxin

produced by Gram-negative

A

Endotoxins

55
Q

type of toxin

lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in nature

A

Endotoxins

56
Q

type of toxin

effects: general such as fever, weaknesses, aches and shock all have the same effects

A

Endotoxins

57
Q

– a toxin having a specific toxic action on cells of special organs

A

Cytotoxins

58
Q

cause massive RBC destruction

A

hemolysin

59
Q

related to food poisoning and cause diarrhea

A

enterotoxin

60
Q

-inhibits protein synthesis

A

diphtheria toxin

61
Q

causes skin layers to exfoliate and slough off

A

exfoliative toxin

62
Q

prevents transmission of nerve impulses causing flaccid paralysis

A

(botulinum toxin)

63
Q

-causes vasodilation resulting in characteristic rash (Scarlet fever)

A

CYTOTOXIN

64
Q

-associated with toxic shock syndrome

A

(TSST-1)

65
Q

– canned good bacilli, anaerobic

A

Clostridium botulinum

Botany (324 decks)

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