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Botany > GPHT LAB - Clearing > Flashcards

GPHT LAB - Clearing Flashcards

1
Q

in dealcoholization, tissue section is immersed in __

A

ante-medium

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2
Q

raises the refractive index of the tissue

A

ante-medium

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3
Q

clearing agents must be miscible with both __

A

alcohol and paraffin wax

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4
Q

does not cause to much brittleness

A

benzene

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5
Q

best routine clearing agent

A

benzene

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6
Q

can cause aplastic anemia

A

benzene

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7
Q

used for large, thick, hard tissues

A

chloroform

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8
Q

slow acting
toxic to liver
does not make tissues translucent
tissues tend to float

A

chloroform

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9
Q

used for cleaning knives

A

xylene

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10
Q

diluent in mounting medium

A

xylene

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11
Q

most common clearing agent

A

xylene

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12
Q

for tissues less than 5 mm

A

xylene

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13
Q

useful for paraffin embedding

A

xylene

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14
Q

becomes milky/turbid if water is still present (incomplete dehydration)

A

xylene

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15
Q

overclearing causes tissue to become

A

hard and brittle

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16
Q

sub for xylene

A

toluene

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17
Q

subs for xylene/benzene

A

toluene

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18
Q

for CNS, skin, smooth muscle, cytological work

A

cedar oil/cedar wood oil

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19
Q

can leave tissue for a very long time w/o dehydration

A

cedar oil/cedar wood oil

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20
Q

penetrates well = best clearing agent

A

cedar oil/cedar wood oil

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21
Q

expensive and turbid

A

cedar oil/cedar wood oil

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22
Q

SLOW
Makes tissue brittle
can be faked

A

clove oil

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23
Q

prevents clove oil from becoming brittle

A

oil of bergamot

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24
Q

does not extract aniline dyes

A

oil of bergamot

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25
Q

can be used with celloidin prep

A

oil of bergamot

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26
Q

spanish hop oil or thyme oil or mix

A

oil of origanum

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27
Q

dissolves out aniline dyes

A

oil of origanum

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28
Q

does not dissolve celloidin

A

oil of origanum

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29
Q

other names of oil of wintergreen

A

methyl salicylate, artificial oil

30
Q

for delicate tissues bc hardening effect of alcohol can be avoided

A

oil of wintergreen

31
Q

clearing time is indefinite

A

cedar oil/cedar wood oil

oil of wintergreen

32
Q

must be soaked out by __ when oil of wintergreen is used for celloidin sections

A

chloroform/xylene

33
Q

poor dehydrant, split by small amts of water

A

oil of wintergreen

34
Q

oxidizes easily on standing

A

oil of wintergreen

35
Q

must be soaked out by xylene or chloroform when used for celloidin sections

A

oil of wintergreen

36
Q

for smooth muscles (2)

A

carbon disulfide

phenol

37
Q

very inflammable with foul odor

A

carbon disulfide

38
Q

subs of chloroform

A

carbon tetrachloride

39
Q

adv of carbon tetrachloride

A

cheaper

40
Q

for friable tissues

A

carbol-xylene

41
Q

made by adding anhydrous crystals of phenol to xylene until no more dissolves

A

carbol-xylene

42
Q

for moist and humid climates

A

carbol-xylene

43
Q

corrosive

A

carbol-xylene

44
Q

for cellular organs, friable tissues, skin, athermatous arteries, hard collagenous specimens

A

tetrahydrofuran

45
Q

how many baths for THF

A

3

46
Q

3 baths required

A

THF

47
Q

colorless agents

A

xylene

THF

48
Q

BP of THF

A

65C

49
Q

FP of THF

A

-108.5C

50
Q

Density of THF

A

0.8894

51
Q

Wide-range solvent

Soluble in most solvents

A

THF

52
Q

THF Forms __ with water

A

azeotrope

53
Q

forms azeotrope with water

A

THF

54
Q

Constant bp mixture (64C) consisting of 9% THF and 6% water

A

azeotrope

55
Q

melted paraffin wax mixes with __ in all proportions

A

THF

56
Q

superior to ordinary dehydrating agent

A

THF

57
Q

shortens total prcessing time

A

THF

58
Q

fumes may cause conjunctival irritation after about 6 mos

with offensive odor

A

THF

59
Q

recommended for the eyes

A

terpineol

60
Q

excellent clearing agent

A

High Test Aviation Lead-Free Gasoline

61
Q

for double embedding techniques

A

methyl salicylate and methyl benzoate

62
Q

cause the least hardening of tissues (3)

A

cedar oil, gasoline, petroleum ether

62
Q

Suitable for large tissue specimens, tough tissues (e.g. Skin, fibroid, decalcified tissues), nervous tissues, lymph nodes, embryos

A

Chloroform

63
Q

Does not extract aniline dyes

Can be used with celloidin

A

Oil of Bergamot

64
Q

Dissolves aniline

Does not dissolve celloidin

A

Oil of Origanum

65
Q

Possible Components of Oil of Origanum (3)

A

Spanish Hop Oil
Thyme Oil
Turpentine

66
Q

How to make carbol-xylene

A

Add anhydrous crystals of phenol to xylene until no more dissolves

67
Q

Composition of azeotrope

A

9% THF

6% water

68
Q

THF may cause conjunctival irritation after how many months

A

6

69
Q

Clears from 95% alcohol

A

Terpineol

70
Q

Good for paraffin and celloidin work

But volatile

A

Phenol

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