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Botany > BB LEC - ABO Blood System > Flashcards

BB LEC - ABO Blood System Flashcards

1
Q

most important system in transfusion and transplanta1on therapy

A

ABO BLOOD GROUP SYSTEM

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2
Q

the only blood group system in which individuals have an1bodies in their serum to an1gens that are absent from their RBCs

A

ABO BLOOD GROUP SYSTEM

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3
Q

drew blood from himself and five associates, separated the cells and serum, and then mixed each cell sample with each serum. He was inadvertently the first individual to perform forward and reverse grouping.

A

Landsteiner

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4
Q

• __ genes are dominant than O gene

A

A and B

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5
Q

__ genes are codominant

A

A and B

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6
Q

ABO genes are located on chromosome

A

9

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7
Q

ABO genes are inherited in a what manner following simple Mendelian genetics laws

A

codominant

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8
Q

H gene codes for what glycosyltransferases

A

L-fucosyltransferase

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9
Q

A gene codes for what glycosyltransferases

A

N-acetylgalactosaminyl- transferase

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10
Q

B gene codes for what glycosyltransferases

A

D-galactosyltransferase

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11
Q

Immunodominant sugar of H gene

A

L-fucose

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12
Q

Immunodominant sugar of A gene

A

N-acetyl-D- galactosamine

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13
Q

Immunodominant sugar of B gene

A

D-galactose

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14
Q

how many percent of all individuals possess the H gene.

A

99.99%

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15
Q

The forma1on of ABH antigens results from the interaction of genes at three separate loci what are these loci

A

(ABO, Hh, and Se)

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16
Q

A, B, and H an1gens are formed from the same basic precursor material called

A

(called a paragloboside or glycan)

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17
Q

On the __ day of fetal life, attachment of immunodominant sugars occurs on the RBC membrane and it is dependent on ABH genes inherited.

A

37th

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18
Q

antigens fully developed by what age

A

2-4 YEARS

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19
Q

is actually the precursor structure on which A and B an1gens are made

A

H antigen

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20
Q

The ___ genes are closely linked and located on chromosome 19

A

H and Se

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21
Q

The H and Se genes are closely linked and located on chromosome ?

A

19

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22
Q

what gene must be inherited to form the ABO antigens on the RBCs

A

H

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23
Q

what gene must be inherited to form the ABO antigens in secretions.

A

Se

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24
Q

what type of precursor substance

terminal galactose on the precursor substance is attached to the N-acetylglucosamine in a beta 1 → 4 linkage

A

type 2

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25
Q

what type of precursor substance

beta 1 → 3 linkage between galactose and N-acetylglucosamin

A

type 3

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26
Q

ABH antigens on the RBC are constructed on oligosaccharide chains of a type ?? precursor substance.

A

2

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27
Q
  • are mostly naturally occurring antibodies that are

detectable 3 to 6 months after birth following exposure to ABO-likeantigensin theenvironment

A

ABO ANTIBODIES

28
Q

ABO ANTIBODIES detectable when??

A

3 to 6 months after birth following exposure to ABO-likeantigensin theenvironment

29
Q

are mostly IgM and react best at RT or below.

A

ABO ANTIBODIES

30
Q

most anBbodies found in cord blood serum are of ?? origin

A

maternal

31
Q

Antibody production peaks when an individual is between___ years of age and declines later in life.

A

5 and 10

32
Q

Although anti-A (from a group B individual) and anti-B (from a group A individual) contains predominantly IgM antibody, there may be small quantities of __ present.

A

IgG

33
Q

___ antibody is not a combination of anti-A and anti-B but is a separate “cross-reacting” antibody that is usually IgG in nature

A

Anti-A,B

34
Q

Predominant Ig in Anti-A,B

A

IgG

35
Q

ABO Ab activate complement at what temp?

A

37C

36
Q

is defined as using known sources of commercial antisera (anti-A, anti-B) to detect antigens on an individual’s RBCs.

A

Forward grouping

37
Q

is defined as detecting ABO antibodies in the patient’s serum by using known reagent RBCs, namely A1 and B cells.

A

Reverse grouping (back type)

38
Q

Testing RBCs with reagent __ is not required as a routine part of ABO testing.

A

anti-A,B

39
Q

However, some believe that ___ is more effective at detecting weakly expressed A and B antigens than reagent anti-A or anti-B

A

anti-A,B

40
Q

However, the production and use of _____have made anti- A and anti-B reagents much more sensitive, to the point where weak A and B antigens can be detected routinely.

A

monoclonal antisera

41
Q

. It is still routinely used when performing ABO confirmation of blood donors, because it is more economical to use one reagent (anti-A,B) than to use two reagents (anti-A and anti-B) to verify group O donor units.

A

Anti-A,B

42
Q

Reagent anti-A,B can be prepared using : (3)

A

blended monoclonal anti-A and anti-B; polyclonal human anti-A,B; or a blend of monoclonal anti-A, anti-B, and anti- A,B.

43
Q

It has been postulated that ____ are chemically similar to A and B antigens.

A

bacteria, pollen particles, and other substances present in nature

44
Q

Antibody production in most OTHER blood group systems requires ___ by transfusion or pregnancy

A

the introduction of foreign RBCs

45
Q

_____ is unique to the ABO blood group system.

A

performance of serum grouping

46
Q
  • regulates the formation of H antigen and subsequently, of A and B antigens in secretory cells
    WHAT SYSTEM
A

Sese system

47
Q

WHAT SYSTEM

- regulates production of H antigens on erythrocytes

A

Zz system

48
Q

Regulating gene for ABH Antigens

A

FUT1 (Zz gene)

49
Q

Regulating gene for ABH Soluble susbtances

A

FUT2 (Se gene)

50
Q

name of Zz gene

A

FUT1

51
Q

name of Se gene

A

FUT2

52
Q

1st sugar in the precursor substance

of ABH Ag

A

glucose

53
Q

1st sugar in the precursor substance

of ABH Soluble substances

A

N-acetylgalactosamine

54
Q

: represent phenotypes that show weaker variable serologic reactivity with the commonly used human polyclonal anti-A, anti-B and anti-A,B reagents

A

ABO SUBGROUPS

55
Q

who described two different A antigens based on reactions between group A RBCs and anti-A and anti-A1

A

von Dungern

56
Q

The __ subgroups are generally more common than B sub- groups

A

A

57
Q

___ is found in greatest concentration on the RBCs of group O individuals

A

H antigen

58
Q

for the base of formation of H, Lewis, I/i, P1 antigens

A

common carb structure (antigen building block)

59
Q

2 terminal sugars in the oligosaccharide chain

A

D-galactose and N-acetylglucosamine

60
Q

only antigen in H blood group system

A

H antigen

61
Q

amorph of the H locus, with rare frequency

A

h

62
Q

gene product of H allele

A

transferase enzyme

63
Q

Gene products of the ABO alleles require __ to be the acceptor molecule

A

H antigen

64
Q

The FUT1 gene adds galactose to both oligosaccharide chains in red cells and in secretions. TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

65
Q

alleles in ABO locus

A

A, B, O

66
Q

nonfunctional ABO allele

resulting gene is an enzymatically inactive protein

A

O allele

67
Q

defined the molecular basis of the ABO phenotypes

A

Yamamoto

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