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Botany > PARA LAB - Plasmodium > Flashcards

PARA LAB - Plasmodium Flashcards

1
Q

phylum of intracellular parasites

A

Phylum Apicomplexa

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2
Q

most virulent of all species of plasmodium

A

P. falciparum

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3
Q

most prevalent species in the world

A

P. vivax

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4
Q

species endemic in Philippines

A

falciparum and vivax

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5
Q

newest member of Plasmodium species

A

P. knowlesi

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6
Q

Species seen in neighboring Southeast Asian countries

A

P. knowlesi

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7
Q

primary vector of Plasmodium spp

A

Female Anopheles minimus flavirostris

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8
Q

intermediate host of Plasmodium

A

man

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9
Q

final host of Plasmodium

A

Anopheles (is this incomplete)

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10
Q

straw-like structure of mosquitoes used to puncture the skin

A

proboscis

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11
Q

first stage of Plasmodium in the I.H.

A

Sporozoites

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12
Q

where sporozoites will undergo schizogony

A

hepatocytes

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13
Q

sac-like structure where merozoites are found

A

schizont

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14
Q

species of plasmodium where hypnozoites are present

A

P. ovale and P. vivax

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15
Q

form or stage of parasites responsible for relapse

A

hypnozoites

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16
Q

immature trophozoites

composed of chromatin dot and nucleus

A

ring forms

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17
Q

infective stage to final host

A

gametocytes

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18
Q

infective stage to I.H.

A

Sporozoites

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19
Q

signs and symptoms of malaria

A

chills, fever, sweating

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20
Q

occurrence of chills, fever, sweating

A

malarial paroxysms

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21
Q

causes malignant tertian malaria

A

P. falciparum

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22
Q

occurrence of malarial paroxysms of P. falciparum

A

Every 36-48 hrs

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23
Q

causes blackwater fever

A

P. falciparum

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24
Q

causes benign tertian malaria

A

P. vivax

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25
Q

occurrence of malarial paroxysms of P. vivax

A

every 48 hrs

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26
Q

occurrence of malarial paroxysms of P. ovale

A

every 48 hrs

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27
Q

causes ovale tertian malaria

A

P. ovale

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28
Q

causes quartan malaria

A

P. malariae

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29
Q

invades all types of RBC

A

P. falciparum

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30
Q

invades young RBC

A

P. vivax and P. ovale

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31
Q

size of infected RBC of P. falciparum

A

normal

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32
Q

size of infected RBC of P. vivax

A

enlarged

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33
Q

RBC stages present in P. falciparum

A

ring form & gametocyte

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34
Q

RBC stages present in P. vivax

A

all forms

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35
Q

ring forms: small with multiple infections

A

P. falciparum

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36
Q

Types of ring forms in P. falciparum

A

chromatin dot
double chromatin dot
applique/accole

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37
Q

ring forms: 1 only with prominent chromatin dot

A

P. vivax

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38
Q

w/ rarely seen trophozoite and schizont

A

P. falciparum

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39
Q

w/ ameboid appearance of trop

A

P. vivax

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40
Q

infects old RBCs

A

P. malariae

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41
Q

ave. no. of merozoites in P. falciparum

A

24 (8 - 36)

42
Q

ave. no. of merozoites in P. vivax

A

16 (12 - 24)

43
Q

stipplings of P. falciparum

A

Maurer’s dots

44
Q

stipplings of P. vivax

A

Schuffner’s dots

45
Q

stipplings of P. malarial

A

Ziemann’s dots

46
Q

infected RBC of this species has serrations or fimbriation

A

P. ovale

47
Q

appearance of troops and ring forms of this species similar to vivax

A

P. ovale

48
Q

no. of merozoites in schizont of P. ovale

A

8

49
Q

arrangement of merozoites in P. malariae

A

rosette/fruit pie

50
Q

species with fruit pie or rosette arrangement of merozoites

A

P. malariae

51
Q

species with band formation in troph

A

P. malariae

52
Q

sx for lab diagnosis of malaria

A

capillary blood

53
Q

best time to collect blood

A

during the height of fever

54
Q

why smears must be immerse in water

A

for dehemoglobinization

55
Q

stain used in blood smears

A

Giemsa or Wright’s stain

56
Q

smear used in malarial parasite count

A

thick smear

57
Q

purpose of thick smear

A

malarial parasite count

58
Q

purpose of thin smear

A

species identification

59
Q

gold std in malarial diagnosis

A

microscopy

60
Q

other method in diagnosis of malaria

which uses a fluorescent dye so parasites will fluoresce

A

QBC

61
Q

QBC meaning

A

Quantitative Buffy Coat

62
Q

dye in QBC

A

Acridine orange

63
Q

other method in diagnosis of malaria

Uses test kits

A

RDT

64
Q

RDT meaning

A

Rapid Diagnostic Test

65
Q

principle of RDT

A

immunochromatography

66
Q

Ag detected in RDT

A

pLDH
Histidine rich protein
aldolase

67
Q

method used if lab diagnosis is through culture

A

RRMI 1640

68
Q

corresponds to rupture of RBCs and release of merozoites

A

paroxysms

69
Q

from a zygote

motile and penetrates stomach wall of the mosquito

A

ookinete

70
Q

drug for prophylaxis and treatment of malaria

A

chloroquine

71
Q

these are formed due to incomplete metabolism of Hb

A

malarial pigments

72
Q

stipplings of P. ovale

A

James dots

73
Q

type of malaria caused by P. ovale

A

benign tertian malaria

74
Q

these 2 species of malaria causes rbc enlargement

A

vivax and ovale

75
Q

these 2 species of malaria causes rbc normal size

A

malariae and falciparum

76
Q

ave number of merozoites in p. ovale

A

8

77
Q

– malaria parasite of long-tailed macaque monkey

A

P. knowlesi

78
Q

– most serious complication and major cause of death of P. falciparum

A

Cerebral malaria

78
Q

Done to remove Hb that can result in poor staining

A

Dehemoglobinizatiob

79
Q

Fixative used in thick smear

A

NONE

80
Q

A romanowsky stain composed of eosin and methylene blue

A

Giemsa

81
Q

Components of giemsa stain

A

Methylene blue

Eosin

82
Q

Other stains used in staining of blood smears

A

Leishman’s stain

Jaswant Singh Battacharya (JSB)

83
Q

Std method used by laboratories under national malaria eradication programme in india

A

Jaswant Singh Battacharya stain

84
Q

Type of JSB that uses methylene blue

A

Jaswant Singh Battacharya I

85
Q

Type of JSB that uses eosin

A

Jaswant Singh Battacharya II stain

86
Q

Type of smear best used to detect malarial parasite

A

Thick smear

87
Q

Type of smear for establishing extent of parasitemia

A

Thick smear

88
Q

Smear that is more sensitive because blood is concentrated

A

Thick smear

89
Q

Smear that is difficult to read

A

Thick smear

90
Q

Used by malarial parasites to invade host tissues

A

Apical complex

91
Q

Disadvantage of microscopy as malarial dx

A

Some structures may be mistaken like malarial parasite

92
Q

Structures confused with the schizont stage

A

Blood platelets

93
Q

Blood platelets are confused with what malarial stage

A

Schizont

94
Q

1-10 parasites/100 thick field

A

+

95
Q

11-100 parasites/100 thick field

A

++

96
Q

1-10/thick field

A

+++

97
Q

> 10/thick field

A

++++

98
Q

Actual count of parasite formula

A

(# of parasites counted divided by WBC Count) x Actual WBC Count

99
Q

Less precise system of quantitating malarial parasite

A

Plus system

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