PARA LAB - Plasmodium Flashcards
phylum of intracellular parasites
Phylum Apicomplexa
most virulent of all species of plasmodium
P. falciparum
most prevalent species in the world
P. vivax
species endemic in Philippines
falciparum and vivax
newest member of Plasmodium species
P. knowlesi
Species seen in neighboring Southeast Asian countries
P. knowlesi
primary vector of Plasmodium spp
Female Anopheles minimus flavirostris
intermediate host of Plasmodium
man
final host of Plasmodium
Anopheles (is this incomplete)
straw-like structure of mosquitoes used to puncture the skin
proboscis
first stage of Plasmodium in the I.H.
Sporozoites
where sporozoites will undergo schizogony
hepatocytes
sac-like structure where merozoites are found
schizont
species of plasmodium where hypnozoites are present
P. ovale and P. vivax
form or stage of parasites responsible for relapse
hypnozoites
immature trophozoites
composed of chromatin dot and nucleus
ring forms
infective stage to final host
gametocytes
infective stage to I.H.
Sporozoites
signs and symptoms of malaria
chills, fever, sweating
occurrence of chills, fever, sweating
malarial paroxysms
causes malignant tertian malaria
P. falciparum
occurrence of malarial paroxysms of P. falciparum
Every 36-48 hrs
causes blackwater fever
P. falciparum
causes benign tertian malaria
P. vivax
occurrence of malarial paroxysms of P. vivax
every 48 hrs
occurrence of malarial paroxysms of P. ovale
every 48 hrs
causes ovale tertian malaria
P. ovale
causes quartan malaria
P. malariae
invades all types of RBC
P. falciparum
invades young RBC
P. vivax and P. ovale
size of infected RBC of P. falciparum
normal
size of infected RBC of P. vivax
enlarged
RBC stages present in P. falciparum
ring form & gametocyte
RBC stages present in P. vivax
all forms
ring forms: small with multiple infections
P. falciparum
Types of ring forms in P. falciparum
chromatin dot
double chromatin dot
applique/accole
ring forms: 1 only with prominent chromatin dot
P. vivax
w/ rarely seen trophozoite and schizont
P. falciparum
w/ ameboid appearance of trop
P. vivax
infects old RBCs
P. malariae
ave. no. of merozoites in P. falciparum
24 (8 - 36)
ave. no. of merozoites in P. vivax
16 (12 - 24)
stipplings of P. falciparum
Maurer’s dots
stipplings of P. vivax
Schuffner’s dots
stipplings of P. malarial
Ziemann’s dots
infected RBC of this species has serrations or fimbriation
P. ovale
appearance of troops and ring forms of this species similar to vivax
P. ovale
no. of merozoites in schizont of P. ovale
8
arrangement of merozoites in P. malariae
rosette/fruit pie
species with fruit pie or rosette arrangement of merozoites
P. malariae
species with band formation in troph
P. malariae
sx for lab diagnosis of malaria
capillary blood
best time to collect blood
during the height of fever
why smears must be immerse in water
for dehemoglobinization
stain used in blood smears
Giemsa or Wright’s stain
smear used in malarial parasite count
thick smear
purpose of thick smear
malarial parasite count
purpose of thin smear
species identification
gold std in malarial diagnosis
microscopy
other method in diagnosis of malaria
which uses a fluorescent dye so parasites will fluoresce
QBC
QBC meaning
Quantitative Buffy Coat
dye in QBC
Acridine orange
other method in diagnosis of malaria
Uses test kits
RDT
RDT meaning
Rapid Diagnostic Test
principle of RDT
immunochromatography
Ag detected in RDT
pLDH
Histidine rich protein
aldolase
method used if lab diagnosis is through culture
RRMI 1640
corresponds to rupture of RBCs and release of merozoites
paroxysms
from a zygote
motile and penetrates stomach wall of the mosquito
ookinete
drug for prophylaxis and treatment of malaria
chloroquine
these are formed due to incomplete metabolism of Hb
malarial pigments
stipplings of P. ovale
James dots
type of malaria caused by P. ovale
benign tertian malaria
these 2 species of malaria causes rbc enlargement
vivax and ovale
these 2 species of malaria causes rbc normal size
malariae and falciparum
ave number of merozoites in p. ovale
8
– malaria parasite of long-tailed macaque monkey
P. knowlesi
– most serious complication and major cause of death of P. falciparum
Cerebral malaria
Done to remove Hb that can result in poor staining
Dehemoglobinizatiob
Fixative used in thick smear
NONE
A romanowsky stain composed of eosin and methylene blue
Giemsa
Components of giemsa stain
Methylene blue
Eosin
Other stains used in staining of blood smears
Leishman’s stain
Jaswant Singh Battacharya (JSB)
Std method used by laboratories under national malaria eradication programme in india
Jaswant Singh Battacharya stain
Type of JSB that uses methylene blue
Jaswant Singh Battacharya I
Type of JSB that uses eosin
Jaswant Singh Battacharya II stain
Type of smear best used to detect malarial parasite
Thick smear
Type of smear for establishing extent of parasitemia
Thick smear
Smear that is more sensitive because blood is concentrated
Thick smear
Smear that is difficult to read
Thick smear
Used by malarial parasites to invade host tissues
Apical complex
Disadvantage of microscopy as malarial dx
Some structures may be mistaken like malarial parasite
Structures confused with the schizont stage
Blood platelets
Blood platelets are confused with what malarial stage
Schizont
1-10 parasites/100 thick field
+
11-100 parasites/100 thick field
++
1-10/thick field
+++
> 10/thick field
++++
Actual count of parasite formula
(# of parasites counted divided by WBC Count) x Actual WBC Count
Less precise system of quantitating malarial parasite
Plus system
