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Botany > HISTO LEC - Bone and Cartilage > Flashcards

HISTO LEC - Bone and Cartilage Flashcards

1
Q

Consistency of ECM of cartilage

A

gel-like

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2
Q

a type of supportive CT which Bear Mechanical Stress without permanent distortion

A

cartilage

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3
Q

components of cartilage

A

chondrocytes and ECM

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4
Q

the chondrocytes of cartilage are located in a

A

lacuna

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5
Q

a component of cartilage responsible for the synthesis and excretion of ECM materials

A

chondrocytes

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6
Q

nourishment of cartilage is through

A

diffusion

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7
Q

cartilage is vascular or avascular

A

avascular

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8
Q

a dense irregular CT w/c surrounds the cartilage

vascular; has nerves and lymphatic vessels

A

perichondrium

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9
Q

perichondrium is only present in

A

hyaline and elastic cartilage

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10
Q

most common and most studied cartilage

A

hyaline

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11
Q

glassy and transparent/translucent cartilage

A

hyaline

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12
Q

bluish white and transluscent cartilage

A

hyaline

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13
Q

type of cartilage that serves as a temporary skeleton of the bone

A

hyaline

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14
Q

location of hyaline cartilage

A

Location: trachea, larynx, bronchi, anterior ends of ribs,

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15
Q

Function of hyaline

A

provides smooth surface for movement of joints,

flexibility and support

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16
Q

cartilage which Contains elastic fibers

Function = gives support, maintains shape, allows flexibility

A

elastic cartilage

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17
Q

cartilage Yellowish color when unstained

A

elastic cartilage

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18
Q

location of elastic cartilage

A

Found in external ear, auditory tubes, epiglottis.

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19
Q

Function of elastic cartilage

A

gives support, maintains shape, allows flexibility

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20
Q

type of cartilage Intermediate between Dense CT and Hyaline CT

A

fibrocartilage

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21
Q

type of cartilage

contains bundles of collagen in the matrix that are usually more visible under microscopy

A

fibrocartilage

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22
Q

location of fibrocartilage

A

Found in the pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs, and attachments of certain ligaments.

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23
Q

Function of fibrocartilage

A

support and fusion, and absorbs shocks.

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24
Q

cartilage that Do not possess distinct perichondrium

A

fibrocartilage

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25
Q

major component of intervertebral disks

A 
Annulus fibrosus (Type I collagen)
 Nucleus Pulposus (Hyaluronic acid)
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26
Q

type of supportive CT
Main constituent of the adult skeleton (206)
Mineralized Tissue

A

OSSEOUS TISSUE

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27
Q

Functions of osseous tissue:

A

> Support soft tissues and provides attachment
Protects internal organs
Stores minerals
Hematopoiesis

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28
Q

component of osseous tissue responsible for tenacity,

elasticity, resilience

A

organic or living components

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29
Q

component of osseous tissue responsible for hardness and rigidity

A

Inorganic (non- living) components

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30
Q

found in lacuna(cavities), between layers (lamellae) of the bone matrix; located exclusively at the the surface of the bone matrix

A

Osteocytes:

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31
Q

bone formers; synthesize the organic components (peptidogycans, matrix products and type I collagen)

A

Osteoblasts:

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32
Q

giant cells involved in bone resorption and remodelling of bone tissue; and they are found in the endosteum

A

Osteoclasts:

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33
Q

mature bone cells

A

osteocytes

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34
Q 
structural element of osseous tissue
thin cylindrical spaces 
function for communication and exchange
A

Canaliculi:

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35
Q

function of canaliculi

A

function for communication and exchange

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36
Q

> CT Linings of osseous tissue

A

> Endosteum

> Periosteum

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36
Q

Forms the foci of hydroxyapatite formation

A

Matrix vesicles

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37
Q

Types of CT Proper

A

dense CT

Loose CT

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37
Q

New bone layer

A

Osteoid

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38
Q

Types of Loose CT

A

Areolar
Adenoid
Mucous
Reticular

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38
Q

Other secretions of the osteoblast

A

Osteocalcin

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39
Q

Classification of CT

A

CT Proper and Specialized CT

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39
Q

Osteoblast are derived from

A

Osteoprogenitor cells

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40
Q

Types of Specialized CT

A

Bone
Cartilage
Blood

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40
Q

Found in the endoteum and periosteum

A

Osteoblasts

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41
Q

Function of Loose CT

A

Support structure with some degree of pressure and low friction

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41
Q

Young form of osteocytes

A

Osteoblasts

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42
Q

Function of Areolar CT

A

strength, support and elasticity

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42
Q

Shape of lacuna

A

Spindle

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43
Q

Function of Dense CT

A

resistance and protection

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43
Q

Shape of osteocyte

A

Almond

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44
Q

Function of White Adipose Tissue

A

long term energy storage

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44
Q

Almond shaped with long cytoplasmic granules that penetrate the canaliculu

A

Osteocytes

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45
Q

Function of Brown Adipose Tissue

A

heat production

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45
Q

Location of osteoclasts

A

Resorption bays or howship lacunae

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46
Q

Function of Reticular Tissue

A

forms stroma of organs

binds smooth muscle tissue cells

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46
Q

Active state of osteoblasts

A

Cuboidal to columnar shape

47
Q

Function of Adenoid TIssue

A

?

47
Q

Active state of osteoclast

A

Ruffled border

48
Q

Function of Mucous Tissue

A

support

48
Q

How many percent of matrix is inirganic

A

50%

49
Q

Location of loose CT

A

–

49
Q

3 components of matrix

A

Hydroxyapatite
Type I collagen
Osteonectin (promote calcification)

50
Q

Location of Areolar

A

found in subcutaneous layer and mucous membranes, and around blood vessels, nerves and organs

50
Q

Fibers that bind periosteum to bone

A

Sharpey’s fibers

51
Q

Location of dense irregular

A

perichondrium of cartilage, pericardium of heart, various organs (liver and kidney)

51
Q

Compact bone made up of

A

Osteob

52
Q

Location of dense regular

A

tendons, ligaments

52
Q

Spongy bone made up of

A

Spicules/trabeculae

53
Q

Location of mucous CT

A

wharton’s jelly of the umbilical cord

53
Q

Types of periosteum

A

Fibrous layer

Cellular layer

54
Q

Location of white adipose tissue

A

–

54
Q

Found in haversian canal
Function forcommunication between osteons
Horizontal junctions

A

Volkmann’s canals

55
Q

Location of brown adipose tissue

A

limited distribution

56
Q

Location of reticular tissue

A

liver, spleen, lymph node

57
Q

Location of adenoid tissue

A

Peyer’s patches, lamina propria in villi of small intestine

58
Q

Function of dense regular

A

provides attachment

59
Q

function of dense irregular

A

provides strength

60
Q

> support structures with some pressure and low friction

> areolar tissues

A

Loose CT

61
Q

> resistance and protection
> predominance of collagen fibers
> dense regular or dense irregular

A

Dense CT

62
Q

type of CT proper

Very common type of CT

A

Loose

63
Q

type of CT proper

Supports epithelial tissues, forms a layer around blood vessels and fills the spaces between muscle and nerve fibers

A

Loose

64
Q

type of CT proper
Contains all the CT components
> fibroblasts and macrophages (numerous)
> fibers

A

Loose

65
Q

type of CT proper

Flexible, well vascularized but not very resistant to stress.

A

Loose

66
Q

type of Loose CT

consists of all 3 types of fibers, several types of cells, and semi-fluid ground substance

A

Areolar CT

67
Q

type of Loose CT

found in subcutaneous layer and mucous membranes, and around blood vessels, nerves and organs

A

Areolar CT

68
Q 
type of Loose CT
function = strength, support and elasticity
A

Areolar CT

69
Q

consists of adipocytes;

“signet ring” appearing fat cells.

A

Adipose tissue

70
Q

supports, protects and insulates, and serves as an energy reserve

A

Adipose tissue

71
Q

Location: found in subcutaneous layer, around organs and in the yellow marrow of long bones

A

Adipose tissue

72
Q

function = supports, protects and insulates, and serves as an energy reserve

A

Adipose tissue

73
Q

type of adipose
long term energy storage
unilocular; signet ring appearance

A

White Adipose

74
Q

why the multilocular adipose tissue is brown

A

many mitochondria

75
Q

type of adipose
heat production
multilocular; limited distribution

A

brown

76
Q

type of loose CT

Consists of fine interlacing reticular fibers and reticular cells

A

Reticular CT

77
Q

type of loose CT

Function = forms the framework (stroma) of organs and binds together smooth muscle tissue cells

A

Reticular CT

78
Q

type of loose CT

Found in liver, spleen and lymph nodes

A

Reticular CT

79
Q

type of loose
Description:
consists of widely scattered fibroblasts embedded in jellylike ground substance

A

Mucous

80
Q

Type of CT proper

Provide better resistance and protection

A

dense CT

81
Q

Type of CT proper

Fewer cells and more fibers (collagen)

A

Dense CT

82
Q

Consist mainly of collagen fibers arranged in parallel patterns

A

Dense Regular

83
Q

Location:
tendons, ligament
Function:
provides attachment

A

Dense Regular

84
Q

Description:
consists of collagen fibers randomly arranged and few fibroblast
Location:
perichondrium of cartilage, various organs (liver and kidney), pericardium of the heart
Function:
provides strength

A

dense irregular

85
Q

irregularly scattered in a loose manner
Seen in: lamina propia of the villi of the small intestines and in some lymphoid organs
and Peyer’s patches.

A

adenoid tissue

86
Q

Dense/compact lymphoid tissue consists of abundant lymphoid cells closely packed together, either as lymph nodules/lymph follicles or lymphatic cords.

A

adenoid tissue

87
Q

ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE FIRM CONSISTENCY OF CARTILAGE

A

GAGS PROTEOGLYCANS AND MACROMOLECULES AND FIBERS

88
Q

location of hyaline

A

trachea
bronchi
anterior ends of ribs
larynx

89
Q

functions of hyaline

A

provide smooth surface for movement of joints

flexibility and support

90
Q

component of the matrix of hyaline

binds to GAGs, collagen type II and integrins to mediate adherence

A

chondronectin

91
Q

composition of hyaline matrix

A

40% Type II collagen, type 6 and type 9

92
Q

hyaline matrix is embedded in a

A

gel of proteoglycans and structural glycoproteins

93
Q

shape of young chondrocytes

A

elliptical

94
Q

group of chondrocytes is called

A

isogenous aggregates

95
Q

metabolism of chondrocytes

A

anaerobic

96
Q

growth of chondrocytes is maintained by

A

somatotropin

97
Q

perichondrium is composed of what type of collagen

A

type I

98
Q

Cartilage with elastic fibers

A

elastic cartilage

99
Q

color of elastic cartilage when unstained

A

yellow

100
Q

function of elastic cartilage

A

maintain shape, support, flexibility

101
Q

elastic cartilage is found in

A

epiglottis, auditory tube, external ear

102
Q

function of fibrocartilage

A

absorbs shock

support and fusion

103
Q

location of fibrocaartilage

A

pubic symphysis

intervertebral discs

104
Q

another name for type I collagen

A

annulus fibrosus

105
Q

another name for hyaluronic acid

A

nucleus pulposus

106
Q

functions of osseous tissue

A 
protects internal organs
stores minerals 
hematopoiesis
supports soft tissues
provides attachment
107
Q

type of bone cells

; synthesize the organic components (peptidogycans, matrix products and type I collagen)

A

osteoblast

108
Q

location of osteoclasts

A

endosteum

109
Q

location of osteoblasts

A

endosteum and periosteum

110
Q

a CT layer composed of osteoprogenitor cells that would later become osteoblasts and these are important in bone growth and repair

A

periosteum

111
Q

target is the osteoblast and controls it activity by inhibiting osteoid production and release of a cytokine called osteoclast stimulating factor

A

PTH

112
Q

target of PTH

A

osteoblast

113
Q

new uncalcified layer is called

A

osteoid

114
Q

other secretions of osteoblasts

A

osteocalcin

115
Q

perforating canals; transverse or oblique canals

A

Volkmann Canal:

116
Q

type of membrane
Line sealed internal cavities
Forms transudate

A

serous membrane

117
Q

type of membrane
Line cavities that communicate with the exterior
Contain lamina propria

A

Mucous membranes

118
Q

type of membrane

Covers the body surface

A

cutaneous

119
Q

type of membrane
Incomplete lining within joint cavities
Produces synovial fluid which provides oxygen and nutrients to the chondrocytes

A

Synovial membrane

138
Q

Regions where bones are capped and surrounded by CT

A

Joints

139
Q

Holds the bones together

A

Joints

140
Q

Joinfree bone movement

A

Diarthroses

141
Q

Joint

Limited or no bone movement

A

Synarthroses

Botany (324 decks)

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