Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Botany > chem lab - lipids > Flashcards

chem lab - lipids Flashcards

1
Q

hydrophobic isoprenoids

A

A, D, E, K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

are PUFAs

-must be provided in our diet because EFAs cannot be biosynthesized

A

EFAs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
  1. Fatty-acid related :
A

fatty acid/prostaglandins, fatty acid esters, sterol esters, lipoconjugates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
  1. Hydrolyzable/saponifiable:
A

fatty acid esters, sterol esters, lipoconjugates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

-aliphatic, acyclic, unbranched

A

fatty acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

fatty acid synthesis in humans:

A

liver and lactating mammary glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

most naturally occurring FA contain odd or even no. of C atoms

A

EVEN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
  • no C=C
  • CnH2n+1 COOH
  • ___anoic acid
A

saturated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
  • CnH2n-1COOH

- ____enoic acid

A

unsaturated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

– natural configuration of C=C

A

Cis configuration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
  • introduces a kink, allowing a bend

- bend disrupts alignment of lipid → semi-fluid

A

Cis configuration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

2 EFAs to humans

A
  1. Linoleic acid –

2. Linolenic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

precursor of arachidonic acid

A

linoleic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

– precursor of PGs

-becomes essential if linoleic acid is missing

A

Arachidonic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

– alkali salts of Fa

  • formed by saponification
  • amphipathic
  • nonpolar + dirt, polar + water (micelle)
A
  1. Soaps
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
  1. Halogens add to C=C via
A

AE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

– resistant to oxidation outside the body

A

saturated FA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

slowly but spontaneously oxidized by oxygen in air

-becomes rancid (formation of short chain aldehydes)

A

USFA-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

-derived from linoleic acid (or arachidonic acids) forming eicosanoids

A

PROSTAGLANDINS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

-cyclopentane ring, 2 side chains, carboxyl group in one side chain

A

PROSTAGLANDINS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

-participate in wound-healing process

A

PROSTAGLANDINS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

PAIN MEDIATORS

A

PROSTAGLANDINS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

-esters formed between a fatty acid (CA) and glycerol (trihydric alcohol)

A

Acyglycerols or glycerides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

-3 Fatty acids + glycerol

A

TRIGLYCERIDES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

-neutral fats or neutral oils

A

TRIGLYCERIDES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

-most widespread

A

TRIGLYCERIDES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

-most abundant lipids in animals (function: food store)

A

TRIGLYCERIDES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Hydrolysis of tripalmitin or 1,2,3-tripalmitoyl-sn-glycerol

A
  • 1 mole of glycerol

* 3 moles of palmitic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Hydrolysis of palmitostearoolein or 1-palmitoyl-2-stearoyl-3-oleoyl-sn-glycerol

A
  • 1 mole glycerol
  • 1 mole palmitic acid
  • 1 mole stearic acid
  • 1 mole oleic acid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Hardening of oils is due to what reaction

A

-hydrogenation of C=C → saturated compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Drying oils s due to what reaction

A

-action of O2 in air forms hydroperoxides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

-composed of an alcohol + diacylgycerol or sphingosine

A

phospholipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

-phospholipids with glycerol

A

phosphoglycerides/glycerophosphatides/phosphoacylglycerol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

all phosphoglycerides contain

A

phosphatidic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

backbone of phosphoglycerides

A

phosphatidic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

– alcohol-soluble, acetone-insoluble

A

lecithin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

-most abundant phosphoglyceride

A

lecithin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q
  • white waxy substance
  • used as an emulsifier
  • predominantly phosphatidyl choline
A

lecithin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

4nry amine alcohol

A

Choline-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Hydrolysis of lecithin

A
  • 2 moles FA
  • 1 mole phosphoric acid
  • 1 mole choline
  • 1 mole glycerol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

– alcohol-insoluble, acetone-insoluble

  • abundant in nerve and brain tissues
  • mixture of phosphatidyl ethanolamine (predominant) or phosphatidyl serine
A

Cephalin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Hydrolysis of cephalin

A
  • 1 mole ethanolamine or serine
  • 2 moles FA
  • 1 mole phosphoric acid
  • 1 mole glycerol
43
Q
  • derivatives of perhydrocyclopentanophenanthrene
A

steroids

44
Q

true terpenes

A

steroids

45
Q

-synthesized in living systems from isoprene via squalene

A

steroids

46
Q

-steroids with one or more OH groups (alcohols)

A

Sterols

47
Q

– 27 C atoms

-2ndary alcohol

A

cholesterol

48
Q

-derived from B-squalene (triterpene)

A

cholesterol

49
Q

-major constituent of gallstone from which it was first isolated

A

cholesterol

50
Q

-major sterol in animal tissues

A

cholesterol

51
Q
  1. Component of cell membrane

2. Precursor of bile acids, steroid hormones, vitamin D

A

cholesterol

52
Q

– plays a central role in regulation of body’s cholesterol

A

Liver

53
Q

– plasma cholesterol in esterified form

-hydrolysable

A

Cholesteryl esters

54
Q

-hydrolysis of cholesteryl esters

A

1 mole cholesterol, 1 mole FA

55
Q

-control 2o sex characteristics, reproductive cycle, growth and development of accessory reproductive organs

A
  1. Sex hormones
56
Q

produces testosterone (androgen that stimulates spermatogenesis and development of male 2o characteristics) in Leydig cells, stimulated by LH

A

-testis

57
Q

produce estrogen (menstrual cycle, 2o sex characteristics) and progesterone (secretory phase of uterus and mammary glands, nidation, maturation of fertilized ovum)

A

-ovaries:

58
Q

-control water and electrolyte balance, carbohydrate and protein metabolism

A
  1. Adrenocorticoid hormones
59
Q

secreted when ACTH is stimulated

-increased gluconeogenesis, anti-inflammatory action, protein breakdown

A

Cortisol –

60
Q
  • secretion induced by Na/K ratio and by angiotensin

- function: stimulates renal reabsorption of Na and excretion of K

A

Aldosterone

61
Q
  1. Vitamin D – lipid soluble, nonpolar, hydrophobic

- derived from isoprenoids or terpenoids

A

vit D

62
Q

Vit D2

A

ergocalciferol

63
Q

Vit D3

A

cholecalciferol

64
Q

-most toxic of all vitamins, slowly metabolized

A

vit D

65
Q

watery mixture of organic and inorganic compounds, contain lecithin and bile salts

A

-Bile:

66
Q

pKa = 6, not fully ionized

A

bile acids

67
Q

provide the only mechanism for cholesterol excretion

A

bile salts

68
Q

emulsifier

A

bile acids, soap, lecithin

69
Q
  • multiples of isoperene units

- where most of the plant’s pleasant odors come from

A

TERPENOIDS OR ISOPRENOIDS

70
Q

– a triterpene

  • precursor of cholesterol
  • all trans-configuration
A

Squalene or β-squalene

71
Q
  • collective term for retinol, retinoic acid, retinal, β-carotene (tetraterpene)
  • found in green vegetables, fruits, eggs
  • stored in liver
A

vit A

72
Q
  • function: essential for vision, growth and reproduction

- deficiency: night blindness, xerophthalmia

A

vit A

73
Q

– visual pigment consisting of retinal and opsin

A

Rhodopsin

74
Q

rhodopsin consists of (2)

A

retinal and opsin

75
Q
  • found in vegetable oils, egg

- naturally occurring tocopherols

A

Vitamin E

76
Q

most active tocopherol

A

alpha-tocopherol

77
Q

-function: natural antioxidant

A

Vitamin E

78
Q

-least toxic of fat-soluble vit

A

Vitamin E

79
Q
  • in cabbage, cauliflower, spinach, egg yolk
  • stored in liver
  • absorbed in presence of bile acid
A

Vitamin K

80
Q

parent cpd of Vitamin K

A

menadione, vit K3

81
Q
  • function: Koagulations vitamin

- large doses: haemolytic anemia, jaundice

A

VIT K

82
Q

-first isolated from the brain

A

SPHINGOLIPIDS

83
Q

-2nd most abundant class of lipids

A

SPHINGOLIPIDS

84
Q

-found in cell membrane of nerve and brain tissues

A

SPHINGOLIPIDS

85
Q

-backbone compound of sphingolipids

A

ceramide

86
Q

phospholipids with sphinosine

A

Sphingosine Phosphatides –

87
Q

– abundant in brain and nerve tissues

-zwitterionic, amphipathic

A

Sphingomyelin

88
Q

– accumulation of sphingomyelin in large amounts in brain, liver, spleen

A

Niemann-Pick disease

89
Q

Hydrolysis of sphingomyelin:

•

A

1 mole fatty acid
• 1 mole sphingosine
• 1 mole phosphoric acid
• 1 mole choline

90
Q
  • sphingolipids with carbohydrates, without phosphorus

- primary OH group is hydroxylated

A

Sphingosine glycosides or glycosphingolipids

91
Q

sphingolipid found in white matter of brain

A

Cerebroside or galactosyl ceramide –

92
Q

– glucose replaced galactose

A

Gaucher’s disease

93
Q

Hydrolysis of cerebrosides

A
  • 1 mole of D-galactose
  • 1 mole sphingosine
  • 1 mole FA
94
Q

– also found in brain

-OH of C3 is esterified to a sulphate group

A

Cerebroside sulfates/Sulfatides

95
Q

– glycosphingolipids with sugar sialic acid

A

Gangliosides

96
Q

number of grams of I2 absorbed by 100 g lipid sample

A

Iodine number-

97
Q

– number of mg KOH needed to neutralize free fatty acids or fatty acids released as result of hydrolysis in 1 g lipid sample or fatty acid released

A

Acid Value

98
Q

-↑ acid number, ______

A

↑tendency to be rancid

99
Q

-measure of acidity, measure of the tendency to become rancid

A

Acid Value

100
Q

– number of mg KOH required to saponify the ester in 1 g of lipid sample

A

Ester Number

101
Q

Acid Number + Ester Number =

A

Saponification Number

102
Q

number of mg KOH required to neutralize free fatty acids or fatty acids released as a result of hydrolysis and to saponify esters contained in1g lipid sample

A

Saponification Number-

103
Q

-lipid constant also called Koetts Dorfer

A

Saponification Number-

Botany (324 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions