Traffic - week 17

Question 1

Primary reproductive organs (gonads) (game)

Answer 1

a. produce gametes (gametogenesis)

(1) sperm in typical male (2) ova in typical female

Question 2

secrete sex hormones (androgens & estrogens)

Answer 2

(1) mainly testosterone (male)
(2) mainly estrogen & progesterone (female)
(3) important in the development of secondary sex characteristics (hair distribution, body shape, voice change) as well as major reproductive functions and development

Question 3

essential reproductive functions in the typical male

Answer 3

1. spermatogenesis

2. delivery of sperm to female

Question 4

essential reproductive functions in the typical female (FOSP)

Answer 4

1. oogenesis
2. receive sperm and transport for fertilization
3. maintain fetus
4. parturition and nourishment of infant

Question 5

Spermatogenesis begins at..

Answer 5

puberty

Question 6

parts of sperm (head and acrobat)

Answer 6

1. head contains DNA

a. acrosome has enzymes to penetrate egg

Question 7

control of spermatogenesis (gnome scott)

Answer 7

1. an increase in GnRH from hypothalamus occurs at puberty

a. probably due to a decrease in melatonin

Question 8

anterior pituitary hormones secreted (gonadotropins) (luten in pit)

Answer 8

a. luteinizing hormone (LHa.k.a.ICSH)➝ testosterone from interstitial cells ➝ mitosis/meiosis of germ cells

Question 9

Semen (boat)

Answer 9

• produced by different glands
  1. seminal vesicles (about 70%)
  a. fructose for energy

Question 10

prostate (about 30%) (prost - elka - track)

Answer 10

a. alkaline fluid neutralizes acidic female
reproductive tract
b. enzymes activate clotting
c. enzymes break down clot (fibrinolysin)

Question 11

bulbourethral glands (x-mas bulb)

Answer 11

a. neutralize acidic male urethra

Question 12

Oogenesis (fetus - mei)

Answer 12

• begins during fetal development
  1. arrested during meiosis
  2. will not complete meiosis unless fertilized
  3. lots of cytoplasm, organelles

Question 13

Ovarian cycle (steph - gnome)

Answer 13

• increase in GnRH occurs at puberty

1. due to decrease in melatonin and increase in % body fat

Question 14

follicular phase (lane hair to ca - beard)

Answer 14

1. LH➝ thecal cells make androgen (DHEA)
2. FSH ➝ granulosa cells make estrogen from androgen
3. developing follicle makes low levels of estrogen (negative feedback)

Question 15

ovulation (lane w/ bow release oval)

Answer 15

1. LH surge triggers release of ovum

a. due to high estrogen levels from developed follicle (positive feedback)

Question 16

luteal phase (many lanes - lute - prague)

Answer 16

1. high LH level triggers development of corpus luteum
   a. secretes progesterone (powerful negative feedback on LH) and some estrogen
   b. LH declines ➝ corpus luteum degenerates ➝ progesterone decreases

Question 17

if pregnancy occurs (blood test - prop up lut)

Answer 17

developing zygote produces human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) that acts like LH and maintains corpus luteum

Question 18

Uterine cycle (kay - wall prague bow)

Answer 18

• proliferative phase

1. estrogen stimulates growth of endometrium and synthesis of progesterone receptors in endometrium

Question 19

secretory phase (maggie - couch prague)

Answer 19

progesterone further prepares endometrium (loosens connective tissue, blood vessel growth, secretes glycogen, decreases contractility of uterus)

Question 20

menstrual phase (negative break down)

Answer 20

endometrium breaks down from lack of estrogen and progesterone (due to neg feedback effects of progesterone on LH)

Question 21

parts of sperm - midpiece…(Mite and tail)

Answer 21

has mitochondria

tail is for movement

Question 22

anterior pituitary hormones secreted (gonadotropins) - follicle stimulating….

Answer 22

hormone (FSH)➝ spermiogenesis (sperm remodeling)

Question 23

semen - prostaglandins for…(prost - art - fiber)

Answer 23

smooth muscle contraction in male and female reproductive tracts (transport)
fibrinogen for clotting