maternity week 1 Flashcards
gravita
the number of confirmed pregnancies a woman has had.
para (2)
the number of births a woman has had after 20 weeks gestation, living or not.
Nulligravida
0 pregnancies
Nullipara (think para)
nothing past 20 weeks
Primagravida
1st pregnancy
Primipara (prime to deliver)
1st delivery after 20 weeks
Multigravida
multiple pregnancies
Multipara
delivered at least twice after 20 weeks
twins
count of one for gravita and para
21-24 weeks is what?
is viable
GTPAL (the gravity of birth is 20/20 and living)
Gravida # of pregnancies
Term# of infants born at 37 weeks or after
Preterm # of infants born between 20-36 weeks
Abortion # of losses before 20 weeks
Living # of living children
must be 39-40 weeks
for birth
late preterm: (late for the midterm bc I’m 34 and 36)
ate preterm: 34-36 6/7 weeks
Early term: (37 is early!)
Early term: 37-38 6/7 weeks
Full term: (you know this)
Full term: 39-40 6/7 weeks
Late term: (not that late)
Late term: 41-41 6/7 weeks
Post term: (hella late)
Post term: 42+
PRESUMPTIVE - just the definition
CHANGES THAT MAKE THE WOMAN THINK SHE MIGHT BE PREGNANT
PROBABLE
CHANGES ON PHYSICAL EXAM THAT MAKE THE EXAMINER SUSPECT THE WOMAN MIGHT BE PREGNANT
POSITIVE
CHANGES THAT CAN ONLY BE EXPLAINED BY PREGNANCY.
signs of pregnancy
Amenorrhea
Enlarged Breasts
Nausea and Vomiting
Quickening (movement you could feel)
Fatigue
Urinary Frequency
probable (you prob saw good chad at hagar concert w/ braxton and ballot)
Goodell Sign
Chadwick’s sign
Hegars sign
Positive Pregnancy Test
Braxton Hicks
Ballotment
Enlarged Uterus
positive (seeing, hearing, and feeling the fetus is positive)
Visualize the Fetus
Fetal Heart Tones
Palpate the fetus
Estrogen - inhibits what? (ester fights with fsh and leutenant)
Secreted by the corpus luteum until the placenta takes over.
Inhibits secretion of FSH and LH from anterior pituitary suppressing ovulation
Stimulates growth of the maternal tissue: uterus, breast tissue, genitalia,
Relaxes joints and ligaments
Increases vascularity
Progesterone (progeria is friends with endo)
continue the build up of the endometrium for implantation of the egg
Hormones that effect changes during pregnancy (just 3, fo sho)
Serum Prolactin:
Oxytocin:
Human chorionic somatomammotropin:
(human placental lactogen):
uterus - do we get more cells with growth?
Amenorrhea
Endometrium support growth of embryo/fetus
Increase in elastic properties (we don’t get more cells, they just stretch***)
Hagar’s sign (softening of cervix)
increase in uterine blood flow
Braxton Hicks Contractions (false contractions, last 30 sec, sporadic)
Quickening (feel baby’s movement)
uterus can go from (how many ml)
10 ml to 5000 ml
vagina
Increase Vaginal mucosa
Loosening of connective tissue
Lengthening of the vaginal vault
Increase vascularity
Chadwick sign 6-8 weeks (blue cervix, bagina, vulva)
vagina - bacteria - 2nd most bacteria in body
Leukorrhea
Acidic: susceptibility to yeast infections
Mucus plug -Operculum
breasts - when do they get larger?
become larger, 2nd & 3rd Tri – Mammary glands grow, Increased pigmentation, Montgomery tubercles (dots on areolas) more pronounced, Increase vascularity
cardiovascular system - blood volume what?
Increase in blood volume by 40-50%,
cardiac hypertrophy - most women develop what?
Displaced by the enlarging uterus which pushes up on the diaphragm.
95% women develop systolic murmurs, palpitations and arrhythmias.
PHYSIOLOGICAL ANEMIA OF PREGNANCY
Increase of blood volume > Increase in RBC’s
< 11 g/dl in the first or third trimester OR
< 10.5 in the 2nd trimester OR a HCT of 32% the woman is considered anemic.
SUPINE HYPOTENSION - put a pillow where?
(Inferior Vena Cava Syndrome) uterus pushes down on spine and cuts off blood flow. pregnant women should not lie on back bc it cuts off blood supply to the baby. or put a pillow under one hip.
respiratory system
Increase oxygen consumption (20%-40%)
Increase RR
Diaphragm pushed up (4 cm)
Chest expands more – rib cage relaxes (estrogen), decreased resistance (progesterone)
Increase of CO2 blown off
Increase of the secretion of bicarbonate from the Kidneys
Capillary engorgement
the respiratory system - what is the main change? (respiration can change my shape!)
Increase in tidal volume (30%-40%)
Vital capacity unchanged
Inspiratory volume increased
Expiratory volume decreased
Total lung capacity unchanged
***but the main change w/ respiratory is the shape
renal pelvis
The smooth-muscle walls of the ureters undergo hyperplasia and hypertrophy and muscle tone relaxation. The ureters elongate, become tortuous, and form single or double curves.
the renal system
Increase in blood flow to the kidneys
Increase in GFR of the kidneys
Increase in urination
Urine production
Pressure from the uterus
Pressure of the uterus on the ureters put women at greater risk of urinary stasis and pyelonephritis. (GFR increases 40-60%)
neonate - how many days? (neo 28 days later)
first 28 days of life, baby after that
fetus
ineutro
GI SYSTEM Ensure adequate nutrition for embryo/fetus
“Morning Sickness” (6-12 weeks)
GI Peristalsis (decreased parastalysis due to progesterone = relaxes it)
Hemorrhoids
Ptyalism (increase in saliva)
Bleeding gums (increased gingavitis)
Heart Burn (pressure and progesterone)
gallstones
integumentary
Increase in melanotropin – increase areas of pigmentation
Chloasma (Melasma)
Striae Gravidarum (stretch marks)
Linea Nigra (line from belly button to public bone)
the muscle skeletal system
Shifting center of gravity
Increase lordosis
Loosening of the ligaments of the pubic symphysis and sacroiliac joints.
Muscles of the abdomen stretch and lose tone. Can lead to diastasis recti abdominis. (muscles in stomach move apart)
immune system - which one goes down during pregnancy?
innate - phagocytosis - born with it. adapative - ***It keeps maternal body from rejecting fetus. Adapative goes down during pregnancy.
nutrition - how many extra calories?
Increased requirements of nutrition are helped with prenatal vitamins and Folic acid. Increase dietary intake of 300 calories a day over the 1800-2200 calorie daily recommendation.
Goodell Sign (good and soft)
softening of cervix
chadwick (chad is blue :( )
Chadwick’s sign (bluish purple cervix and vagina)
hegar sign (hegar is soft now)
Hegars sign (softening of lower uterine segment)
braxton hicks (brighton is false)
Braxton Hicks (false contractions)
ballotment (bounce on ballotment)
Ballotment (touch cervix and fetus bounces up)
Serum Prolactin
prepares breasts for lactation
Oxytocin:
Stimulates contractions and milk ejection
Human chorionic somatomammotropin: (soma decreases my sugar)
(human placental lactogen): Acts as a growth hormone, decreases maternal metabolism of glucose, increases fatty acids for metabolic needs.
HR does what? how many bpm?
the heart rate increases by 10-15 BPM,
cardiac output does what? (more blood = )
Cardiac Output increases by 30-50%,
BP does what?
Vasodilation of the blood vessels, The blood pressure DECREASES initially until about the 32 week when it returns to pre-pregnant level,
coagulation?
Hyper coagulation of pregnancy , Dependent Edema
