Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

XIO > pharm hypertension > Flashcards

pharm hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

primary hypertension

A

Essential (Primary) (90%): unknown cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

secondary hypertension

A

Secondary (10%): related to identifiable cause
(e.g., obesity, sleep apnea, excess sodium
intake, drug induced) in which treatment is
directed toward correcting the underlying cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Gestational HTN

A

> 140/ > 90
 After 20 weeks gestation
 No proteinuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

medications that can cause HTN (Lock NESS causes HTN)

A

 Estrogens
 NSAIDs
 Stimulants
 Steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Primary Mechanisms to Control Blood Pressure - short and long term

A

 Adrenergic nervous system or baroreceptor
reflex (brain): a rapid-acting system
 Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
mechanism: a long-acting system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Activation of a receptors leads to

A

smooth muscle
contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Activation of b2
receptors leads to (2nd is lungs)

A

smooth
muscle relaxation - lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Activation of b1
receptors leads to (what happens to the muscles?)

A

smooth
muscle contraction - (especially in heart)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

b2 agonist used for

A

asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

b1 antagonists (BETA BLOCKERS) used for what? And does it slow down or speed up heart? And what about contraction?

A

treatment of hypertension and angina (slow heart and
reduce force of contraction)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

alpha 1 antogonist used for (only the big alpha will cure HTN)

A

lowering of the blood pressure (relaxation of smooth
muscle and dilation of the blood vessels)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Clonidine (Catapres®) - agonist to…(Clonidine agonizes over little alpha) AND what is it used for?

A

Agonist to the CNS alpha – 2 adrenergic receptors (relaxes
vascular smooth muscle) - severe pain for cancer used with opiates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Withdrawal HTN when taking with (when adriene is blocked she withdraws)

A

beta – adrenergic
blocking agents and abruptly discontinued

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Prazosin (Minipress®) (the minipress blocks big Alpha)

A

Selectively blocks alpha1-adrenergic receptors, decreases
vascular sympathetic tone (dilates arterioles and veins)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

minipress nursing implications - and limit dose to what? (minipress makes me dizzy)

A

First time usage has reported risk of syncope
w/sudden loss of consciousness. Limit dose to 1mg PO
at bedtime to start

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Propranolol (Inderal®) - Competitively blocks what? And what does that do? (MJ just blocks beta, now he’s the alpha)

A

Competitively blocks beta adrenergic receptors in the heart
and juxtaglomerular apparatus decreasing the influence of
the sympathetic nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Propranolol (Inderal®) getting off it…(MJ for 2 weeks)

A

Taper over 2 weeks if pt is to discontinue after long
term therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers - approved and non FDA approved for (Calcium helps with my hemmorage, but not with Raynaud)

A

approved - ▪ Subarachnoid hemorrhage
non approved - Raynaud’s phenomenon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Nifedipine (Adalat®) (Procardia®) side effects (nifty gingevitis)

A

Gingival hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Nifedipine (Adalat®) (Procardia®) overdose antidote (glue is nifty during an overdose)

A

 Antidote: Calcium gluconate (IV). ER tabs may not be chewed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Captopril (Capoten®) adverse effects (The captin is puffy and coughing)

A
  • NON PRODUCTIVE cough
  • Angioedema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers
(ARB’s) - examples (get a tan at Arby’s)

A

 Includes losartan and valsartan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Losartan (Cozaar®)

A

Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

losartan adverse effects (loose the tan, loose the puffy cough with this one)

A
  • Same as ACE inhibitors but does not cause
  • Dry cough, angioedema
25
Q

Vasodilators - Arteriolar dilators ex. (Art expands with hydra and hair)

A

hydralazine, minoxidil

26
Q

Hydralazine (Apresoline®) precautions (hydros cause stroke, headache and I can’t pee)

A

Caution with CVAs (stroke), increased ICP (risk of ischemia) difficulty with micturation

27
Q

Diuretics - what is recommended as firstline drug therapy? (Thia is always first)

A

*Thiazide diuretics

28
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide
(HCTZ / HydroDIURIL®) peak (hydros only work for 4-6 hours)

A

Peaks 4-6 hours

29
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide
(HCTZ / HydroDIURIL®) - dosing? (You don’t need hydro every day)

A

 Not always a daily dose, help patients mark calendar
for 3 or 5 dose/week administration

30
Q

Furosemide (Lasix®) - can still work when what occurs?

A

Renal Failure: Lasix works even when GFR is low

31
Q

Blood Pressure Control precautions -dosing?

A

NEVER double up on doses if 1 is missed

32
Q

vasodilators - Arteriolar and venous dilators (sodium on nitro works everywhere, veins and arteries)

A

sodium nitroprusside

33
Q

propranolol - what does it do to 02 consumption by the heart? (MJ takes my O2)

A

Decreases cardiac O2 consumption

34
Q

Activation of alpha and beta 1 receptors leads to

A

smooth muscle contraction

35
Q

Activation of b2 receptors leads to (think asthma for beta 2)

A

smooth muscle relaxation - lungs

36
Q

Activation of b1 receptors leads to

A

smooth muscle contraction - (especially in heart)

37
Q

Agonists of the b2 receptors are used in the treatment of

A

asthma (relaxation of the smooth muscles of the bronchi)

38
Q

Antagonists of the b1 receptors are used in the treatment of

A

hypertension and angina (slow heart and reduce force of contraction)

39
Q

Antagonists of the a1 receptors are known to cause

A

lowering of the blood pressure (relaxation of smooth muscle and dilation of the blood vessels)

40
Q

1

A

contracts

41
Q

2

A

relaxes

42
Q

clonidine and withdrawal?

A

Withdrawal HTN when taking with beta – adrenergic blocking agents and abruptly discontinued

43
Q

clonidine side effects (the usual)

A

dry mouth, constipation, skin rash

44
Q

minipress dosing (minipress, mini dose)

A

Limit dose to 1mg PO at bedtime to start

45
Q

nifedipine is a (calcium is nifty)

A

CCB

46
Q

if pt has diabetes, use which HTN med? (diabetics get Arby’s)

A

ARB first, then ACE inhibitor

47
Q

Captopril (Capin’ is an ACE)

A

Ace inhibitor

48
Q

Arby’s v. ACE (soda to sooth cough at Arbys)

A

no cough or edema with Arbs

49
Q

hydralizine - rebound? (Hydros ALWAYS cause a rebound)

A

Do not discontinue abruptly – may cause a severe increase in BP

50
Q

Antidysrhythmics classes

A

1 - 4

51
Q

class 1 examples (Na is first)

A

(QUINIDINE, LIDOCAINE,FLECANIDE)

52
Q

class 2 example (don’t be second class at the met)

A

METOPROLOL

53
Q

class 3 example (Amor is my fav class, 3)

A

AMIODARONE

54
Q

class 4 (try diazapam last, 4)

A

DILTIAZEM

55
Q

Quinidine precautions (Quin and Gab don’t mix)

A

Tends to promote atrial emboli in afib

56
Q

Amor treats what?

A

Recurrent V-Fib (or tach) - emergency
A-Fib (oral)

57
Q

Amor side effects (blinded by love)

A

Corneal Microdeposits & Blindness

58
Q

don’t mix digoxin with what drugs? (can’t pee, can you dig?)

A

Diuretics: Combine to lower K+

59
Q

normal potassium levels

A

3.5 - 5

XIO (372 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions