Chem exam 2-1

Question 1

carbonyl groups (C=O) are polar or nonpolar?

Answer 1

very polar

Question 2

formaldehyde (form just one C)

Answer 2

O
        ||
        C
      /     \
    H      H

Question 3

acetaldehyde (think what ace is…always)

Answer 3

O
||
H3C-C-H

Question 4

benzaldhyde

Answer 4

Benzene w/ CHO attached

Question 5

acetone (acetone my propanone)

Answer 5

(2-propanone)
O
||
H3C-C-CH3

Question 6

formaldehyde properties

Answer 6

At room temperature, formaldehyde is a colorless gas with a pungent, suffocating odor. irritates throat. used for fuel. Breakdown of methyl alcohol

Question 7

Acetaldehyde properties (sweet ace’s hyde is high)

Answer 7

Acetaldehyde is a sweet-smelling, flammable liquid formed by the oxidation of ethyl alcohol. narcotic, silver mirrors.

Question 8

Acetone properties (world’s most)

Answer 8

widely used solvent. miscible w/ water. volatile - fire hazard.

Question 9

Benzaldehyde properties (cherry benz)

Answer 9

Benzaldehyde is a colorless liquid, pleasant almond or cherrylike odor; first extracted from bitter almonds.

Question 10

acetic acid - formula

Answer 10

CH3COOH

Question 11

proprionic acid (3 props)

Answer 11

CH3CH2COOH

Question 12

Butyric acid

Answer 12

CH3CH2CH2COOH

Question 13

valeric acid (valley girl at 5)

Answer 13

CH3CH2CH2CH2COOH (5 carbons)

Question 14

Stearic Acid (sterile at 18)

Answer 14

CH3(CH2)16COOH

Question 15

Oxalic Acid (backwards ox)

Answer 15

HOOCCOOH

Question 16

Acrylic Acid (acrylic sneeze 3 times and double after the first)

Answer 16

H2C=CHCOOH

Question 17

old naming system for acids (the omega is the oldest)

Answer 17

alpha beta

Question 18

asprin (front door taking asprin - Y benzyl Y)

Answer 18

benzyl w/ 2 C=Os, one C-O, an OH and a CH3

Question 19

Salicylic acid (willow sails) (plant)

Answer 19

benzyl, one C=O, and 2 OHs

Question 20

phenol (phent patch with alcohol)

Answer 20

benzene with OH attached

Question 21

Polar dissolve in…

Answer 21

polar solvent such as water

Question 22

small alcohols, Small acids, Amines and amide can be…

Answer 22

dissolved in water

Question 23

H-bonding increases the….

Answer 23

boiling point

Question 24

esterification equation (ester makes water)

Answer 24

you are literally just taking the OH from the acid and the H from the alcohol and putting them as the product + H20. Then you add the chains together

Question 25

hydrolysis

Answer 25

you're literally just adding the OH back to the acid, and the H back to the alcohol

Question 26

Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis is simply...(hydro is ester's evil twin)

Answer 26

the reverse of the esterification.

Question 27

saponification (sap is basic)

Answer 27

Ester hydrolysis using a base such as NaOH or KOH is known as saponification (this is just the opposite of esterification)

Question 28

base

Answer 28

H+ or OH- (used in saponification)

Question 29

the H on the carboxylic group is basic or acidic

Answer 29

it's acidic

Question 30

carboxylic acid dissolved in water produces what? (think of adding Hs)

Answer 30

H3O hydronium ion

Question 31

esters have how many O?

Answer 31

2 - C-C=O-OC

Question 32

amide also has...(think bonds)

Answer 32

C=O

Question 33

acyl group naming (a seal is oyly)

Answer 33

Replace oic acid with oyl. only exception - CH3-C=O - acetyl

Question 34

most to least priority functional groups (CEAA KAT AE - AAAA - Carla eats apples always KAT always eats triple A) (alden is an alchy and amine)

Answer 34

carboxylic acid, ester, amide, aldehyde, ketone, alcohol, thiols, amine, ether, alkyne, alkene, alkyl halides, alkane

Question 35

IUPAC naming carboxylic acid (I think box is stoic)

Answer 35

drop e and use oic acid.

Question 36

CH3CH2C=O-OH common and IUPAC name

Answer 36

propanoic acid - IUPAC | common - propionic acid

Question 37

if you see COOH, it's just...

Answer 37

carboxylic acid

Question 38

carboxylic acid naming just like aldehydes, do NOT include

Answer 38

number 1. it's always 1

Question 39

lactic acid - (just a nickname, not common or IUPAC) IUPAC name (milk for 2)

Answer 39

2-hydroxy propanoic acid

Question 40

common names are also called...

Answer 40

latin names, alpha beta, etc

Question 41

etta

Answer 41

4th carbon in alpha group

Question 42

when using alpha, beta in name, you need to use...

Answer 42

common name, butyric, proprionic, etc.

Question 43

alanine - just a nickname, not common or IUPAC (alan drinks propane and aminos)

Answer 43

``` O || CH3-CH-C-OH | NH2 ```

Question 44

common name for carboxylic acid (I before E is so common)

Answer 44

IO - propionic acid

Question 45

dioic acid (also called oxalic acid) (di ox in a box)

Answer 45

just 2 carboxylic acids attached - also called ethanedioic acid

Question 46

malonic acid (malory in the middle of the boxes)

Answer 46

CH2 sandwiched in between 2 carboxylic acids

Question 47

succinic acid (malory twice as succinct)

Answer 47

2 methyls sandwiched between 2 carboxylic acids

Question 48

REMEMBER, carboxylic acid has...

Answer 48

an OH group. An O and an OH.

Question 49

benzoic acid is...

Answer 49

just benzene with COOH attached at the top

Question 50

nitro is...

Answer 50

NO2

Question 51

if you use alpha and beta w/ carboxylic acids, remember...

Answer 51

that the parent, ie butane, will be butyric - add the yric.

Question 52

alpha, beta suffix is...(y ric is alpha?)

Answer 52

yric

Question 53

butanoic acid structure

Answer 53

O || /\/\OH

Question 54

The bigger the Ka...(if Kaj is big, he's strong)

Answer 54

the stronger the acid

Question 55

the larger the Ka, the ____the pKa

Answer 55

smaller

Question 56

large Ka and small pKA =

Answer 56

strong acid

Question 57

acid + base =

Answer 57

salt and water. ex - CH3COOH + NaOH

Question 58

when comparing acidity of carboxylic acids...(halos on acid with boxes)

Answer 58

higher the electronegativity, the higher the acid. look at the alpha carbon - alkyl groups are electron donors Cl is pulling electrons towards it

Question 59

what increases acidity of carboxylic acids?

Answer 59

F, Cl, Br, and I increase acidity

Question 60

esterification (the boxed alcohol makes ester water)

Answer 60

carboxylic acid + alcohol = H2O

Question 61

carboxylic acid - bp and solubility

Answer 61

high BP and soluble in water

Question 62

ester bp

Answer 62

low boiling point - can't make H bonding w/ themselves - there's no H

Question 63

small esters are...(small ester can float)

Answer 63

soluble in water (bc they can accept H bonds from water)

Question 64

esterification

Answer 64

you are removing the OH from the acid and the H from alcohol (leave the other O there)

Question 65

2 ways to name cyclic carboxylic acids

Answer 65

cyclohexanoic acid (IUPAC is better) or cyclohexane carboxylic acid

Question 66

naming esters (I ate my ester)

Answer 66

end in ate

Question 67

naming esters (split ester in 2 and ate it)

Answer 67

the part attached to =O name ate, ie - ethanoate, and the other part is just regular akyl - methyl