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XIO > Chem exam 2-1 > Flashcards

Chem exam 2-1 Flashcards

1
Q

carbonyl groups (C=O) are polar or nonpolar?

A

very polar

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2
Q

formaldehyde (form just one C)

A 
O
        ||
        C
      /     \
    H      H
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3
Q

acetaldehyde (think what ace is…always)

A

O
||
H3C-C-H

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4
Q

benzaldhyde

A

Benzene w/ CHO attached

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5
Q

acetone (acetone my propanone)

A

(2-propanone)
O
||
H3C-C-CH3

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6
Q

formaldehyde properties

A

At room temperature, formaldehyde is a colorless gas with a pungent, suffocating odor. irritates throat. used for fuel. Breakdown of methyl alcohol

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7
Q

Acetaldehyde properties (sweet ace’s hyde is high)

A

Acetaldehyde is a sweet-smelling, flammable liquid formed by the oxidation of ethyl alcohol. narcotic, silver mirrors.

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8
Q

Acetone properties (world’s most)

A

widely used solvent. miscible w/ water. volatile - fire hazard.

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9
Q

Benzaldehyde properties (cherry benz)

A

Benzaldehyde is a colorless liquid, pleasant almond or cherrylike odor; first extracted from bitter almonds.

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10
Q

acetic acid - formula

A

CH3COOH

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11
Q

proprionic acid (3 props)

A

CH3CH2COOH

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12
Q

Butyric acid

A

CH3CH2CH2COOH

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13
Q

valeric acid (valley girl at 5)

A

CH3CH2CH2CH2COOH (5 carbons)

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14
Q

Stearic Acid (sterile at 18)

A

CH3(CH2)16COOH

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15
Q

Oxalic Acid (backwards ox)

A

HOOCCOOH

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16
Q

Acrylic Acid (acrylic sneeze 3 times and double after the first)

A

H2C=CHCOOH

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17
Q

old naming system for acids (the omega is the oldest)

A

alpha beta

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18
Q

asprin (front door taking asprin - Y benzyl Y)

A

benzyl w/ 2 C=Os, one C-O, an OH and a CH3

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19
Q

Salicylic acid (willow sails) (plant)

A

benzyl, one C=O, and 2 OHs

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20
Q

phenol (phent patch with alcohol)

A

benzene with OH attached

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21
Q

Polar dissolve in…

A

polar solvent such as water

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22
Q

small alcohols, Small acids, Amines and amide can be…

A

dissolved in water

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23
Q

H-bonding increases the….

A

boiling point

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24
Q

esterification equation (ester makes water)

A

you are literally just taking the OH from the acid and the H from the alcohol and putting them as the product + H20. Then you add the chains together

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25
Q

hydrolysis

A

you’re literally just adding the OH back to the acid, and the H back to the alcohol

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26
Q

Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis is simply…(hydro is ester’s evil twin)

A

the reverse of the esterification.

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27
Q

saponification (sap is basic)

A

Ester hydrolysis using a base such as NaOH or KOH is known as saponification (this is just the opposite of esterification)

28
Q

base

A

H+ or OH- (used in saponification)

29
Q

the H on the carboxylic group is basic or acidic

A

it’s acidic

30
Q

carboxylic acid dissolved in water produces what? (think of adding Hs)

A

H3O hydronium ion

31
Q

esters have how many O?

A

2 - C-C=O-OC

32
Q

amide also has…(think bonds)

33
Q

acyl group naming (a seal is oyly)

A

Replace oic acid with oyl. only exception - CH3-C=O - acetyl

34
Q

most to least priority functional groups (CEAA KAT AE - AAAA - Carla eats apples always KAT always eats triple A) (alden is an alchy and amine)

A

carboxylic acid, ester, amide, aldehyde, ketone, alcohol, thiols, amine, ether, alkyne, alkene, alkyl halides, alkane

35
Q

IUPAC naming carboxylic acid (I think box is stoic)

A

drop e and use oic acid.

36
Q

CH3CH2C=O-OH common and IUPAC name

A

propanoic acid - IUPAC

common - propionic acid

37
Q

if you see COOH, it’s just…

A

carboxylic acid

38
Q

carboxylic acid naming just like aldehydes, do NOT include

A

number 1. it’s always 1

39
Q

lactic acid - (just a nickname, not common or IUPAC) IUPAC name (milk for 2)

A

2-hydroxy propanoic acid

40
Q

common names are also called…

A

latin names, alpha beta, etc

41
Q

etta

A

4th carbon in alpha group

42
Q

when using alpha, beta in name, you need to use…

A

common name, butyric, proprionic, etc.

43
Q

alanine - just a nickname, not common or IUPAC (alan drinks propane and aminos)

A 
O
                ||
CH3-CH-C-OH
            |
          NH2
44
Q

common name for carboxylic acid (I before E is so common)

A

IO - propionic acid

45
Q

dioic acid (also called oxalic acid) (di ox in a box)

A

just 2 carboxylic acids attached - also called ethanedioic acid

46
Q

malonic acid (malory in the middle of the boxes)

A

CH2 sandwiched in between 2 carboxylic acids

47
Q

succinic acid (malory twice as succinct)

A

2 methyls sandwiched between 2 carboxylic acids

48
Q

REMEMBER, carboxylic acid has…

A

an OH group. An O and an OH.

49
Q

benzoic acid is…

A

just benzene with COOH attached at the top

50
Q

nitro is…

51
Q

if you use alpha and beta w/ carboxylic acids, remember…

A

that the parent, ie butane, will be butyric - add the yric.

52
Q

alpha, beta suffix is…(y ric is alpha?)

53
Q

butanoic acid structure

A

O
||
/\/\OH

54
Q

The bigger the Ka…(if Kaj is big, he’s strong)

A

the stronger the acid

55
Q

the larger the Ka, the ____the pKa

56
Q

large Ka and small pKA =

A

strong acid

57
Q

acid + base =

A

salt and water. ex - CH3COOH + NaOH

58
Q

when comparing acidity of carboxylic acids…(halos on acid with boxes)

A

higher the electronegativity, the higher the acid. look at the alpha carbon - alkyl groups are electron donors
Cl is pulling electrons towards it

59
Q

what increases acidity of carboxylic acids?

A

F, Cl, Br, and I increase acidity

60
Q

esterification (the boxed alcohol makes ester water)

A

carboxylic acid + alcohol = H2O

61
Q

carboxylic acid - bp and solubility

A

high BP and soluble in water

62
Q

ester bp

A

low boiling point - can’t make H bonding w/ themselves - there’s no H

63
Q

small esters are…(small ester can float)

A

soluble in water (bc they can accept H bonds from water)

64
Q

esterification

A

you are removing the OH from the acid and the H from alcohol (leave the other O there)

65
Q

2 ways to name cyclic carboxylic acids

A

cyclohexanoic acid (IUPAC is better) or cyclohexane carboxylic acid

66
Q

naming esters (I ate my ester)

A

end in ate

67
Q

naming esters (split ester in 2 and ate it)

A

the part attached to =O name ate, ie - ethanoate, and the other part is just regular akyl - methyl

XIO (400 decks)

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