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XIO > Chem ch 26 > Flashcards

Chem ch 26 Flashcards

1
Q

DNA and RNA responsible for…

A

DNA - storing genetic info

RNA - transfer genetic info from one organism to another, or one generation to another

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2
Q

before cell begins dividing, it contains…(the messy ball)

A

chromatin - a tangle of DNA

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3
Q

during cell division, the nucleus becomes..

A

more compact and organized into chromosomes

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4
Q

human has how many pairs of chromosomes?

A

23, 46 total

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5
Q

how many chromosomes in horses?

A

64.

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6
Q

mosquito has how many chromosomes?

A

6 total

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7
Q

nucleotides are the monomer of…

A

DNA and RNA

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8
Q

nucleoside makeup (makes up nucleotide)

A

molecule that has 2 parts: 1) sugar

2) heterocyclic nitrogen base

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9
Q

nucleotides parts (3 things)

A

1) sugar
2) heterocylic nitrogen base
3) phosphate group

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10
Q

nucleosides - RNA make up

A

sugar is D-ribose - you need to be able to draw this

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11
Q

nucleosides - DNA make up

A

dioxyribose - draw this

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12
Q

heterocyclic nitrogen base (the 2 bases)

A

2 bases 1) purine 2) pyridamine

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13
Q

3 of 5 bases are..

A

pyridamine bases

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14
Q

pyradamine bases (CUT The pyramid)

A

cytosine (C), thymine (T), uracil (U)

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15
Q

DNA - bases are..

A

A, G, C, T

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16
Q

in RNA, the bases are…

A

A, G, C, U

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17
Q

adanine and guanine are__bases

A

purine bases

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18
Q

cytosine and uracil are ___bases

A

pyradamine

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19
Q

how to name purine bases (pure oshean)

A

purine base drop ine and replace it with osine

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20
Q

how to name pyradamine bases

A

drop some letters and replace w/ idine

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21
Q

For example - how to name - sugar (deribose) Adenine - naming is..

A

adenosine

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22
Q

adenine RNA is the base, adenosine is..

A

(this is the nucleoside)

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23
Q

guanine RNA naming…

A

is guanosine

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24
Q

naming RNA uracil -

A

attached should be uradine

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25
Q

RNA - sugar and cytosine naming

A

cytodine (this is the nucleoside)

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26
Q

naming DNA nucleosides (nucleoside is a sugar and a base) deoxiribose is..

A

deoxy adenosine (the Deoxy at the beginning means it DNA)

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27
Q

naming DNA nucleosides - deoxyribose guanine is

A

deoxy guanosine

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28
Q

naming DNA nucleosides - deoxiribose is

A

deoxy cytidine

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29
Q

naming DNA nucleosides - deoxyribose - T is

A

deoxy thymidine

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30
Q

A, G, T, C are the…

A

nitrogen bases

31
Q

always add the phospophate group…

A

to the nucleotide

32
Q

naming nucleotide if you have adenosine (this is DNA)

A

deoxyadenosine monophosphate (just 1 phosphate group) can also shorten it to dAMP

33
Q

naming nucleotide if you have guanine (this is DNA) (gump)

A

deoxy guanosine monophosphate (dGMP)

34
Q

naming nucleotide w/ cytodine (this is DNA) AND the short version

A

deoxy cytidine monophospate or dCMP

35
Q

naming thymidine nucleotide (this is DNA)

A

deoxy thymidine monophosphate or dTMP

36
Q

naming nucleotide for RNA -adenosine (just don’t add the d at the beginning)

A 
adenosine monophosphate (AMP)
guanosine monophosphate (GMP)
cytidine monophosphate (CMP)
uridine monophosphate (UMP)
37
Q

short version naming nucleotide (this is DNA) super short version

A

dA, dG, dC, dT

38
Q

(this is DNA)

A
39
Q

nucleotide has..(what element)

A

phosphorus - so if you have dAMP - the P on the end makes it a nucleotide. If you have a nucleoside, it won’t have the “P”

40
Q

ATP —- (+H2o) ADP + P is..this is on exam

A

hydrolysis -

41
Q

ADP + P — ATP

A

this is phosphorylation

42
Q

on exam - phosphorylation is ___hydrolysis is____(either exergonic or endergonic)

A

phosphorylation is endergonic, hydrolysis is exergonic

43
Q

dont need to know structure of bases…

A

just draw circle and A, G, T, U, etc.

44
Q

AG are what bases?

A

purine

45
Q

know how to draw…

A

dAMP

46
Q

dinucleotides (di is behind in numbers)

A

3’ — 5’

47
Q

the backbone is the…

A

sugar

48
Q

bond between 2 nucleotides is called..

A

diester phosphate

49
Q

we read DNA starting with…

A

5’ - 5 prime. ex 5’ A G T 3’

50
Q

the sequence of bases is called…(the sequence is the primary aspect)

A

primary structure of DNA

51
Q

nucleic acid is polymer of

A

nucleotide NOT nucleoside

52
Q

nucleic acid join by…

A

diester phosphate from 5’ to 3’

53
Q

three fundamental processes

A

1) replication of DNA
2) transcription
3) translation

54
Q

replication

A

identical copy of DNA is made when cell divides

55
Q

transcription

A

when all of the genetic info. in DNA (genes) are read and copied

56
Q

the product of transcription is…

A

mRNA

57
Q

transcription takes place in…

A

the nucleus and will go to protein synthesis site

58
Q

translation process (messenger needs translation)

A

when genetic info from mRNA is coded and used to build protein

59
Q

enyzmes open the double helix when..

A

it’s being replicated

60
Q

replication fork

A

where it splits

61
Q

helicase (unzip hell)

A

the enzyme helping to open double helix

62
Q

replication polymerase (replica poly does the opposite) just the numbers

A

moves from 3 to 5 to join nucleotide - it zips up the zipper

63
Q

when polymerase is going same direction as helicase it’s called the…(poly is leading heli)

A

leading strand

64
Q

leading strand (leading the new trends)

A

the new strand on one side

65
Q

polymerase direction is…

A

3’ to 5’

66
Q

3 ezymes during replication (replication needs hlp)

A

ligase, polymerase and helicase

67
Q

difference between leading and lagging strand (akasaki is lagging) (leading goes w/ hel)

A

leading is continous in same direction as helicase, lagging is going short segment called akasaki

68
Q

enzymes during replication (replicate hel and poly)

A

helicase, DNA polymerase

69
Q

helicase

A

works with unwinding the double helix at the replication fork. this happens in many places (called origin of replication)

70
Q

when helicase is open, the 2 strands..

A

separate, bases expose and bubbles form in which the replication process begins (at the replication fork)

71
Q

DNA polymerase (poly is the reporter to transcribe)

A

move to the position, they help to facilitate transcription of the exposed single strand of DNA

72
Q

NTPs

A

molecule carrying each of the 4 bases that are available one by one, H bonding are happening

73
Q

DNA polymerase (poly zips up the jacket)

A

catalyzes the covalent bonding formation between 2 nucleotides (like zipping up jacket) between 5’ phosphate and 3’ OH

74
Q

template strand

A

is the strand you use to make the new DNA strand

XIO (372 decks)

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