Chem ch 14 Flashcards
functional alcohol group
OH
OH group also called…
hydroxyl group
R represents
alkyl
Ar-OH
aromatic alkyl groups
ROR
ether
ether and alcohol are..
structural (aka constitutional) isomers
CH3-OH
methyl alcohol - common name. Known as wood alcohol
CH3CH2OH - both names
ethyl alcohol - common name. Known as grain alcohol.
(CH3)2 - CH - OH
isopropyl alcohol - common name. Known as rubbing alcohol.
2 OH is called..
diol
3 OH is called
triol
methyl alcohol can..
make hydrogen bonding on O and one hydrogen
R-OH - which is the hydrophilic group?
OH
R-OH- which is the hydrophobic group?
R
boiling point as the carbons increase?
it gets higher
solubility as the carbons increase?
it gets less soluble
naming alcohols
longest chain with OH in it. number closest to OH group. Parent chain ends in “ol”. ie - heptanol
when naming alcohol, no number is needed if..
there is only 1 carbon
ethanol - no..
number needed when naming it.
CH3OH (methanol) no…
needed when naming
on cyclic alcohols, no..
number needed if only 1 OH group branch
on cyclic OH groups, what has priority?
the OH group
anything ending in “enol” is..(enol is uncool)
an unsaturated alcohol
diols
2 OH groups
naming diols
go with the lowest numbers for the OH groups. ie - 1,3 rather than 2,4
triol
3 oh groups
primary alcohol
OH attached to 1 carbon - look at the carbon that the OH group is attached to, and see how many carbons the carbon is attached to. That makes it primary, secondary, or tertiary.
reactions of alcohols (DO alcohol)
dehydration and oxidation
when an alcohol looses water, it becomes an..
alkene
the more___alkene is favored
branched
to find the major or minor product
look at the carbons attached to the double bond and whichever one has more branches is the major product. The one with less branches is the minor produce
oxidation
adding oxygen or removing H
alcohol oxidation produces either..
aldhyde or ketone
ether kept in fridge because
it’s highly flammable
