Chem ch 15 and 16 Flashcards
tatomerization
relocation of H atoms.
between ketone and enol - called keto-enol (KET)
alpha
attached to 4 carbons
beta
attached to 3 carbons
gamma
attached to 2 carbons
derivative of ammonia
amines
ammonia can or can’t accept hydrogens?
can accept
ammonia has strong or weak base?
weak
nitrogen can have how many electrons?
5
an ammonium ion is?
NH4 (one less than 5)
CH3NH2 name
methanamine
naming amines
either isopropanamine or 2-propanamine
CH3-N-CH2CH3 name
N-methyl ethyl amine
use N, N, etc if…
there is more than one substituent
NH2 as a substituent is called…
amino, ie 3-amino methyl hexane
hetrocyclic amines
the N is part of the ring
NH3 is (properties) (3 is the best at everything)
highly soluble and can make H bonding and H bonding within themselves
NH3 boiling point
not higher than alcohol, but higher than alkane
highest boiling point?
CH3CH2OH
CH3CH2NH2
CH3CH2CH3
CH3CH2OH - highest,CH3CH2NH2 - second highest
order of basicity of amines (greatest to least - only 3) (basicity starts w/ basic straight line)
The # of H atoms that are replaceable.
nonaromatic amine > NH3 >aromatic amine
nitrogen is how many bonds?
3
common name for amines ex.
methyl amine
IUPAC name for amines - ex propane
2-propanamine
how many electrons in nitrogen?
5 in valence shell
if a nitrogen has 5 electrons, it’s positive or neutral?
neutral - they’re all taken
if a nitrogen only has 4 electrons, it’s..
a positive nitrogen ion (remember this) and it’s in a bracket with a positive charge or written like NH4+
NH3
ammonia
NH4+
ammonium ion
there is no quatranary ammonia, but there is a quatranary…
ammonium ion (NH4+)
simple 2 and 3 (secondary and tertiery amine)
(R)2NH and (R)3NH (the Rs are the same) like 2 methyls or 2 ethyls
how to tell if NH is primary, secondary or tertiery
if it’s NH2, it means it’s only attached to 1 carbon (3 total) and it’s primary. IF it’s NH, then it’s secondary.
when naming amines that have 2 different types of groups attached…
look for parent - longest chain with N attached. name it ethylamine. The shorter one is the branch and it starts w/ N. N-methyl. So, N-methylethylamine
use N,N if..
it’s 2 of the same alkyl - ie 2 methyls
use N-alkyl N-alkyl if..
there are 2 different alkyls
