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XIO > Final review 4 > Flashcards

Final review 4 Flashcards

1
Q

ALTERATIONS In VENTILATION (breathing) - factors (either lungs can’t expand, or there is resistance) vent resists compliance

A
  1. Lung Compliance - lung expandability
  2. Airway Resistance - asthma patients
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2
Q

External respiration (what has contact with the external environment?)

A

alveolar-capillary gas exchange

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3
Q

internal respiration (where does INTERNAL exchange happen?)

A

capillary-tissue gas exchange

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4
Q

hypoxemia number (Just think of the 02 range you memorized)

A

level less than 80

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5
Q

Hypercapnia**and is it acute or chronic?

A

Hypercapnia can be acute or chronic

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6
Q

hypocapnea causes - just one

A

usually high altitude

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7
Q

alveolar-capillary membrane disorders (just lung disorders)

A

stiff lung; pulmonary edema, acute respiratory distress
syndrome ARDS, pulmonary fibrosis

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8
Q

Prolonged expiratory time - what causes it?

A

COPD

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9
Q

crepitus

A

air in subcutaneous tissue - it’s a little bump

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10
Q

pulse ox estimates what?

A

Estimate of arterial blood 02 sat

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11
Q

Med administration such as inhalers, nebulizers

A

(every 4 hours as needed, or for acute every 4 hours around the clock. for someone who is wheezing, but don’t give it too often bc it’s a CNS stimulant)

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12
Q

lactic acid - excess in anaerobic respiration - causes what?

A

hypoxia

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13
Q

ex airway inflammation

A

COPD

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14
Q

ventilation is movement of____respiration is exchange of____

A

air, gases (O2 and CO2) in the lungs

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15
Q

what disease is Lung Compliance an issue?

A

COPD - need more pressure to expand lungs

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16
Q

fever causes what to happen with 02 levels?

A

hypoxia - - fever (more oxygen is needed)

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17
Q

internal and external causes of hypoxia? (pneumonia comes from the outside in to steal 02)

A

internal - severe sepsis
external - pneumonia

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18
Q

what sound with pulmonary edema? (edema strides in)

A

stridor

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19
Q

how to prevent atelectasis?

A

****prevent collapse use spirometer, get patient to cough, ambulate, sit patient up, pain medication!

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20
Q

interventions if patient becomes hypoxic - order of masks from least aggressive to most (CFVOCI) - Cedar Falls is Very Oakey Causing Ice

A

nasal cannula
simple face mask (also inhaling some of their oxygen so it’s more concentrated)
venturi mask
oronasal face - one way valve mask
cpap
intubation

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21
Q

good O2 % level for ppl with COPD

A

90- 92%

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22
Q

HAI - exogenous and ex.

A

develop infection outside of you, tetanus

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23
Q

HAI - endogenous

A

endogenous - w/in you, flora on skin (yeast) IV inserted and now you have a bloodborne infection.

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24
Q
  • Bones serves as the
  • Joints serve as the
A
  • Bones serves as the levers
  • Joints serve as fulcrums for the levers
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25
Q

Assistive devices should always be used to lift a weight >

A

35 pounds

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26
Q

Isotonic exercises (tone your muscles by lifting weights)

A

muscle shortening and active movement
* Ex: lifting a weight

27
Q

isometric exercise (my abs are not metrics)

A

muscle contraction without muscle shortening
* Ex: keeping arm extended or contraction of ab muscles while seated

28
Q

Isokinetic exercise (my kin needs knee machine)

A

muscle contraction with resistance
* Ex: use of Continuous Passive
Motion (CPM) device after knee surgery

29
Q

Adduction

A

Adduction (adding to my body)

30
Q

Pronation (put down pro nation)

A

Moving the bones of the forearm so the palm of the hand faces downward while held in the front of the body

31
Q

Supination

A

Moving the bones of the forearm so the palm of the hand
faces upward while held in the front of the body

32
Q

Complications of Immobility

A

Negative nitrogen balance Resulting from ↑metabolic demand from acute illness (catabolic protein breakdown)

33
Q

Trendelenberg

A

○ manages Hypotension
○ Avoid in patient with increased intracranial
pressure

34
Q

Supine - when to use?

A

Use when patient becomes hypotensive

35
Q

Position for administering enemas

A

sims

36
Q

PRN restraint orders are

A

prohibited

37
Q

Extensor or stretch reflexes (extend the knee reflex, skip the brain)

A

THIS ONE SKIPS the brain - ex is knee jerk

38
Q

types of fevers (SIRR - you have a fever)

A

Sustained
Intermittent:
Remittent:
Relapsing:

39
Q

maslow (PS LSS maslow)

A

physical, safety, love and belonging, self esteem, self actualization

40
Q

Hypoglycemia: BG (blood glucose)

A

Hypoglycemia: BG (blood glucose) < 70 mg/dl

41
Q

hyperglycemia

A

greater than 126

42
Q

Sustained fever

A

Sustained: Constant above 38 C with little fluctuation

43
Q

intermittent fever

A

Intermittent: Fever spikes interspersed with usual temperature levels

44
Q

remittent fever (admit your spikes and falls)

A

Remittent: Fever spikes and falls without a return to normal temperature levels

45
Q

relapsing fever (relapsing can be normal)

A

Relapsing: Periods with febrile episodes and periods with acceptable temperature values

46
Q

droplet precautions (pimp my ride)

A

PIMP my ride like DROPping lowrider

Pertussis
Influenza
Meningitis
Pneumonia

Surgical mask and goggles
Single room
Teach UAP to wear a mask

47
Q

F and C conversion

A

(C x 1.8) + 32=F

(F - 32) / 1.8= C

48
Q

HIPPA

A

Information will never be made public or available to others.
Establishes national privacy standards for all individuals and institutions.
Only communicate information with people working directly on the case
You are not allowed to look up a patient chart if you are no longer caring for them

49
Q

nociceptive pain

A

caused by damage to somatic or visceral tissue, sharp, aching.

50
Q

neuropathic pain

A

pain sustained by abnormal processing of sensory input by peripheral or CNS

51
Q

somatic pain (I sprained my soma)

A

Pain that originates from skeletal muscles, ligaments, or joints.

diffuses or scattered in tendons, ligaments, bones, blood vessels and nerves
Ex: sprain

52
Q

living will

A

not legally binding

53
Q

Expected trajectory/path for wound healing (healing at 2,4, 12)

A

Expected trajectory/path for wound healing is that the wound should be 20% smaller at week 2 and 40-50% at week 4 to heal in 12 weeks

54
Q

beta strep in any wound

A

is infection

55
Q

sedation scale

A

1 – awake & alert
2 – occasionally drowsy, easy to
rouse
3 – frequently drowsy, arousable, falls
asleep during conversation
4 – somnolent, minimal or no response
to physical stimulation

56
Q

order of assessment is (IPPA)

A
  1. Inspection
  2. Palpation
  3. Percussion
  4. Auscultation
57
Q

levels of sedation (stupid pain)

A

● Alert & Oriented? Person, Place, Time
Lethargic – drowsy, sleeps most of the time, woken by gentle shaking
● Obtunded – difficult to wake; woken by vigorous shake
● Stuporous – cannot be aroused; responds to pain only
● Coma – no response at all, complete unconscious

58
Q

how long is transient urinary incontinence?

A

last ≤ 6mths

59
Q

normal BMI

A

18.5 to 24.9

60
Q

how often to change ostomy bag (3 o’s in ostomy)

A

every 3 days or policy

61
Q

long term goal

A

Long term >7 days

62
Q

Nasogastric feeding tube is best choice to
use if tube feeding plan is how long?

A

< 6 weeks

63
Q

post op check what?

A

Presence of Protective Reflexes: gag, cough
 Activity: Able to move extremities, sensation

XIO (372 decks)

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