chem test #4 Flashcards

1
Q

step 1 (one nail polish to the ox)

A

acetyl from acetyl-CoA is transferred to oxaloacetate

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2
Q

step 2 (2 citrates make ice-o)

A

citrate is isomerized by OH group to make isocitrate

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3
Q

step 3 (3 isocitrates lose car on keto diet)

A

isocitrate loses CO2 and is oxidized to a-ketogluterate

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4
Q

step 4 (4 ketos and coA lose car with succulents)

A

ketogluterate reacts w/ coenzyme A and loses CO2 to make succinyl-CoA

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5
Q

step 5 (5 fingers makes succulents and GTP)

A

succinyl-CoA is set free and coupled with GTP formation

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6
Q

step 6 (six loses 2 balloons and the succulent is fuming)

A

2 hydrogen are removed from succinate and it makes fumerate

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7
Q

step 7 (at 7/11 water added to fumes makes malate)

A

water is added to double bond of fumerate and makes malate

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8
Q

step 8 (at 8 p.m. the malate turns into ox) (BUT how?)

A

malate is oxidized and returns to oxaloacetate

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9
Q

difference in structure between wax and triacylglycerol

A

the triacylglycerol has the CH-O backbone on the left (3 CHs) and a wax has CHs on both sides.

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10
Q

glycerophospholipids structure

A

just a glycerol with a phosphate group attached to the last CH2

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11
Q

what has amine group?

A

sphingosine and gylcolipids - these are the 2 member of the sphingolipids groups

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12
Q

structure of sphingolipid

A

it’s a sphingosine w/ a fatty acid acyl group attached to the NH2 part

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13
Q

sphingosine structure (spring Oh, nitro, oh)

A

4 carbons with an OH at top, NH2 on second, and OH on 3rd, CH-something on the last carbon

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14
Q

lipids that have a phosphate group (phosphate PGS)

A

phosopholipids, gylcerophospholipids, sphinomylins,

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15
Q

fatty acids structure (fatty straight COOH)

A

straight chain with COOH on the end

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16
Q

lipids that have an alcohol (OH) group (WTFGSS like alcohol)

A

waxes, triacylglycerol, sterols, fatty acids, glycolipids, sphingosine,

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17
Q

lipids that are amphipathic (BP amp)

A

bile acids, phospholipids

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18
Q

bile acids purpose

A

Essential for the emulsification of fats during digestion

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19
Q

what makes glycerophospholipids emulsifying agents?

A

Hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic head groups make…

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20
Q

lipoproteins

A

HDL and LDL

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21
Q

2 types of phospholipids - GROUPS that have phosphate in them

A

glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids

22
Q

phospholipids are polar or non?

A

both, 2 tails are nonpolar, head is polar (the phosphate group is polar)

23
Q

fatty acids are polar or non?

A

nonpolar

24
Q

fatty acid structure

A

just a carboxylic acid with some CH group, 12 - 22 carbons, attached

25
Q

total ATP from 1 cycle of citric acid cycle

A
12 
NADH = 3
FADH2 =  2
GTP = 1
and it's 3 NADH, 1 FADH and 1 GTP = 12
26
Q

common use of steroids - Glucocorticoids

A

help to regulate glucose metabolism and inflammation. Anti-inflammatory ointments contain hydrocortisone to reduce swelling and itching

27
Q

waxes common use

A

protective coatings on most fruits, berries, leaves, and animal furs have similar structures

28
Q

triacylglycerols - common use (think fatty acids - what do they do?)

A

long-term storage of energy. soap when they are hydrolysized

29
Q

Glycerophospholipids common use (phosphate is the doorman)

A

control flow of molecules in and out of cell

30
Q

lipoproteins common use

A

transport of fatty acids from cells in organs

31
Q

to make ADP from ATP, we need…

A

water. It’s hydrolysis

32
Q

sphingolipids structure

A

(this is just sphingosines and glycolipids) They have the L shape, but sphingosines have a phosphate group attached, while gylcolipids have a sugar (circle attached).

33
Q

which ones contain gylcerols

A

triacylglerols and glycerophospholipids

34
Q

saturated is solid or not? (S = S)

A

solid

35
Q

metabolism breakdown is (PLC)

A

lipids, carbs, and proteins

36
Q

in metabolism, sugar and amino acids acytel coA formation happens where? (at the beginning)

A

cytoplasm

37
Q

in metabolism, fatty acids acytel coA formation happens where?

A

mitochondria

38
Q

in digestion, lipids breakdown into…

A

glycerol plus long- chain carboxylic acids, termed fatty acids

39
Q

favorable coupled w/ unfavorable example

A

phosphorylation of glucose (unfavorable) w/ hydrolysis of ATP (makes ADP)

40
Q

NAD in what steps? (NAD starts and ends w/ your favs)

A

3, 4 and 8

41
Q

FAD in what steps? (FAD in the 60s)

A

6

42
Q

tricycle and water plus salt makes soap

A

saponification

43
Q

sphingomyelins have…(structure)

A

phosphate group on C1

44
Q

L shape in sphinosine has..

A

an NH in it

45
Q

hydrolysis of triacylglycerols is ONLY soap in…

A

basic solution. In acidic it’s just split in 2.

46
Q

sphingosine is just…

A

the backbone - it has 4 Cs, OH on 1st, NH2 on 2nd, OH on 3d, and CHs on last.

47
Q

last step of digestion of lipids and oils takes place where?

A

small intestine

48
Q

cholesterol structure

A

sterol ring w/ 5 CHs attached and 1 OH

49
Q

glucose uses what type of transport?

A

facilitated diffusion (protein channel) - NO energy is used

50
Q

step 5

A

double is gone, CoA is gone, and COO is back

51
Q

step 7 (malate needs a second for the OH)

A

malate gets on OH on second carbon

52
Q

step 8 (OH you’ve doubled again)

A

dehydrate malate and OH becomes double again