chem test #4 Flashcards
step 1 (one nail polish to the ox)
acetyl from acetyl-CoA is transferred to oxaloacetate
step 2 (2 citrates make ice-o)
citrate is isomerized by OH group to make isocitrate
step 3 (3 isocitrates lose car on keto diet)
isocitrate loses CO2 and is oxidized to a-ketogluterate
step 4 (4 ketos and coA lose car with succulents)
ketogluterate reacts w/ coenzyme A and loses CO2 to make succinyl-CoA
step 5 (5 fingers makes succulents and GTP)
succinyl-CoA is set free and coupled with GTP formation
step 6 (six loses 2 balloons and the succulent is fuming)
2 hydrogen are removed from succinate and it makes fumerate
step 7 (at 7/11 water added to fumes makes malate)
water is added to double bond of fumerate and makes malate
step 8 (at 8 p.m. the malate turns into ox) (BUT how?)
malate is oxidized and returns to oxaloacetate
difference in structure between wax and triacylglycerol
the triacylglycerol has the CH-O backbone on the left (3 CHs) and a wax has CHs on both sides.
glycerophospholipids structure
just a glycerol with a phosphate group attached to the last CH2
what has amine group?
sphingosine and gylcolipids - these are the 2 member of the sphingolipids groups
structure of sphingolipid
it’s a sphingosine w/ a fatty acid acyl group attached to the NH2 part
sphingosine structure (spring Oh, nitro, oh)
4 carbons with an OH at top, NH2 on second, and OH on 3rd, CH-something on the last carbon
lipids that have a phosphate group (phosphate PGS)
phosopholipids, gylcerophospholipids, sphinomylins,
fatty acids structure (fatty straight COOH)
straight chain with COOH on the end
lipids that have an alcohol (OH) group (WTFGSS like alcohol)
waxes, triacylglycerol, sterols, fatty acids, glycolipids, sphingosine,
lipids that are amphipathic (BP amp)
bile acids, phospholipids
bile acids purpose
Essential for the emulsification of fats during digestion
what makes glycerophospholipids emulsifying agents?
Hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic head groups make…
lipoproteins
HDL and LDL
2 types of phospholipids - GROUPS that have phosphate in them
glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids
phospholipids are polar or non?
both, 2 tails are nonpolar, head is polar (the phosphate group is polar)
fatty acids are polar or non?
nonpolar
fatty acid structure
just a carboxylic acid with some CH group, 12 - 22 carbons, attached
total ATP from 1 cycle of citric acid cycle
12 NADH = 3 FADH2 = 2 GTP = 1 and it's 3 NADH, 1 FADH and 1 GTP = 12
common use of steroids - Glucocorticoids
help to regulate glucose metabolism and inflammation. Anti-inflammatory ointments contain hydrocortisone to reduce swelling and itching
waxes common use
protective coatings on most fruits, berries, leaves, and animal furs have similar structures
triacylglycerols - common use (think fatty acids - what do they do?)
long-term storage of energy. soap when they are hydrolysized
Glycerophospholipids common use (phosphate is the doorman)
control flow of molecules in and out of cell
lipoproteins common use
transport of fatty acids from cells in organs
to make ADP from ATP, we need…
water. It’s hydrolysis
sphingolipids structure
(this is just sphingosines and glycolipids) They have the L shape, but sphingosines have a phosphate group attached, while gylcolipids have a sugar (circle attached).
which ones contain gylcerols
triacylglerols and glycerophospholipids
saturated is solid or not? (S = S)
solid
metabolism breakdown is (PLC)
lipids, carbs, and proteins
in metabolism, sugar and amino acids acytel coA formation happens where? (at the beginning)
cytoplasm
in metabolism, fatty acids acytel coA formation happens where?
mitochondria
in digestion, lipids breakdown into…
glycerol plus long- chain carboxylic acids, termed fatty acids
favorable coupled w/ unfavorable example
phosphorylation of glucose (unfavorable) w/ hydrolysis of ATP (makes ADP)
NAD in what steps? (NAD starts and ends w/ your favs)
3, 4 and 8
FAD in what steps? (FAD in the 60s)
6
tricycle and water plus salt makes soap
saponification
sphingomyelins have…(structure)
phosphate group on C1
L shape in sphinosine has..
an NH in it
hydrolysis of triacylglycerols is ONLY soap in…
basic solution. In acidic it’s just split in 2.
sphingosine is just…
the backbone - it has 4 Cs, OH on 1st, NH2 on 2nd, OH on 3d, and CHs on last.
last step of digestion of lipids and oils takes place where?
small intestine
cholesterol structure
sterol ring w/ 5 CHs attached and 1 OH
glucose uses what type of transport?
facilitated diffusion (protein channel) - NO energy is used
step 5
double is gone, CoA is gone, and COO is back
step 7 (malate needs a second for the OH)
malate gets on OH on second carbon
step 8 (OH you’ve doubled again)
dehydrate malate and OH becomes double again
