pharm eyes and ears Flashcards
uvea
Choroid, iris, ciliary body = uvea
Mydriatics (apraclonidine) (my big app and pupil)
Dilate the pupil
Miotics (acetylcholine, pilocarpine)
Constrict the pupil
Cycloplegics (atropine, cyclopentolate) (cyclyopse is paralyzed)
Paralyze the ciliary body (so we can look inside the eye)
Have mydriatic (dilation) properties
Cycloplegia: paralysis of accommodation
Cholinergic Drugs cause
pupil constriction (miosis)
sympathomimetics
reduces the rate of aqueous humor production
sympathomimetics - adverse rare (think sympathetic)
Hypertension Tachycardia Extrasystoles Headache Faintness
Ocular Antibacterial Drugs
erythromycin, azithromycin
NSAIDs ex. (NSAIDs are my bro)
bromfenac (xibrom)
topical opthalmic anesthetics - long or short term use?
short-term use only
Glaucoma (eye aquarium)
Inhibition of the normal flow and drainage of aqueous humor
types of glaucoma (this is a dangerous angle)
Angle-closure glaucoma (medical emergency)
Open-angle glaucoma
Angle-closure glaucoma helps with (cross the angle)
cross eyes
sympathomimetics open or close pupil? (fight or flight)
Stimulate the dilator muscle to contract Result is increased pupil size (mydriasis)
sympathomemtics - Stimulate the dilator muscle to contract Result is increased pupil size (mydriasis) selective and non-selective - use caution with (sympathy for the beta is no good)
pts who are already taking beta blockers
beta blockers - do what? (alpha and beta part the seas)
reduce IOP (intraocular pressure) by reducing aquous humor formation and increasing aqeuous humor outflow
beta blockers - side effects (betas burn the COPD’ers)
burning, blurred vision, pain, photophobia, LIMITED - bronchospasm - be careful with ashtma pts.
carbonic anhydrase (ana reduces water)
reduces aqueous humor formation in the eye. treats both types of glaucoma.
osmotic diuretics
Create ocular hypotension by producing an osmotic gradient
Water is forced from the aqueous
osmotic diuretics - Glycerin (glycerin is sugar, so diabetics beware)
Glycerin usually tried first. Can cause hyperglycemia - careful w/ diabetics
Prostaglandin Agonists last how long? (prostie just once a day)
Most drugs allow for single daily dosing because effects last 20 to 24 hours - advantage over other drugs
Which antiglaucoma drug works by increasing the outflow of aqueous humor between the uvea and sclera as well as via the usual exit through the trabecular meshwork? (prostie uvea)
Prostaglandins
Prostaglandins do what? (latisse is a prostie)
change eye color
Macrolides for eye infections - ex. (glide in myocins)
erythromycin, azithromycin
erythromycin (eerie gonhorrhea)
used for prevention of Neisseria
gonorrhoeae eye infections in newborns or neonatal conjunctivitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis
antibacterial - Polypeptides (bac to poly)
bacitracin (AK-Tracin), polymyxin B
red glass eye (red fungus)
fungal infection
viral eye infections - easy or hard to treat?
most difficult to treat. may need implant in eye. CMV.
NSAIDs
bromfenac (Xibrom)
steroids do what? (no scars for roids)
quickly. only use short term. they will prevent scarring.
Which statement about use of corticosteroids for ocular inflammation does the nurse identify as being true? (a cutie steroid)
They are used during the acute phase of the injury process to prevent fibrosis and scarring, which result in visual impairment.
Topical Ophthalmic Anesthetics - ex (caines for anesthetics)
Anesthetics are short term only! main ex. is tetracaine.