Moment 12 Flashcards
best source to begin developing a speech or essay? (start w/ the text)
a history textbook or just textbook
when looking for opinions in writing…
look for sentences that have no follow up explanation for the reasoning
if asking to chose a complex sentence, pick the option that opens with the..
dependent clause. ex. before ernest purchases a book, she always checks to see if the library has it.
plural form of latin words ends in…
I, tempo is tempi. octopus is octopi, syllabus, syllabi
aunt and uncle ONLY capitalized if…
they are at the beginning of a sentence or used as part of a proper noun. ie Aunt Ruby
seasons are NOT
capitalized
rancorous
bitter
sacrilegious (I before E)
correct spelling
pronouns
I, you, she, he
it’s ok to start a sentence with “because”
on test
the right to___arms (spelling)
bear
expository
explain, give information
narrative writing - I am the narrator
main character in a setting who encounters a problem
negatively skewed (negatively right)
distribution is a type of distribution in which more values are concentrated on the right side
positively skewed (positively left)
distribution is a type of distribution in which most values are clustered around the left tail
dependent variable changes w/…
independent variable. EX - water is the independent variable with plants. Whether the plants live or not is the dependent variable.
blood vessel that contains the least-oxygenated blood?
pulmonary artery
before DNA cell replication…
the DNA should replicate so the daughter cell has the same amount of DNA material after cell division
structure underneath the rib in descending order? (VAN in ribs)
vein, artery, nerve
which has the lowest blood pressure?
vein
double the final consonant in a verb ending in a..
consonant. ex. blur + ed = blurred
homophones (fones)
words spelled differently but sound the same. ex. its/it’s, seam, seem
homographs (tear the homograph)
two or more words spelled the same but not necessarily pronounced the same. ex tear, rip or water from eye
contraction
a shortened form of a word, ex. it’s
words that signal cause - if you’re reading an essay (because has cause in it)
because, since, as, due to, has caused
words that signal effect - if you’re reading an essay (consequently drugs are effective)
therefore, consequently, hence, so
cause and effect phrases (then cause it)
if…then, as a result of, as a consequence, the sequence of
micropipette
extremely small amounts of liquid and is accurate
ex of non-specific immune barrier
mucus
metaphors always use the word…
is ex. she is a walking dictionary
similes always use the words…
like or as…she is like a walking dictionary
connotations
give richer meaning, express writer’s point of view. ex. my classmate smirked when I answered incorrectly. connotation is smirked.
primary source - photos - only considered primary if…
they are original prints. If they’re found in a textbook they’re secondary.
ancient art and artifacts are always..
primary sources
something that has been created and not altered - artifacts, original maps, artwork, are what?
primary sources
tiertary source
a combo of primary and secondary sources ex. dictionary with a picture of an original artifact in it.
hair follice is located in which layer of skin?
dermis
first thing that happens when body encounters invader
mast cells release histamine
homographs (hom mckay)
words that are spelled the same that have different meanings. ex. wind and wind. The wind blew, as I stopped to wind my watch.
correct or incorrect: everybody should sit in their own seats
incorrect - everybody is singular, so it should be - everybody should sit in his or her own seat.
intra
within
inter
between
hypo
a little
hyper
a lot
a - asymmetrical
not
re should only be added to…
verb bases. recover this chair should use a hyphen - re-cover
hyphenate prefixes before proper…
nouns or adjectives. ex. mid-American
hyphenate ALL words beginning with…(hyphenate myself, my ex, and all)
self, ex, and all. ex. self-made, ex-president, all-round
to change a decimal to a percent, move the…
decimal two places to the right
convert 1.28 to a fraction
you would write it 128/100 BECAUSE the 8 is in the 100th place. If it was 1.208, it would be over 1000, because the 8 would be in the 1000th place.
to go from a percent to a decimal, move..
2 places to the left 46.2% is .462
to changes from a percentage to a fraction - 46.2%
46.2/100. All fractions are out of 100. To get rid of the decimal, move it over one place and add a 0 to 100. Final answer is 462/1000.
when changing to a common denominator…
you need to multiply the common number with the numerator and the denominator. Ex. 1/2 + 3/5 will be changed to = 5/10 + 6/10
the perimeter of a circle is just the…(walk around 2 circles - montossori)
circumference. The formula is C=2(pi)r
.5 converted to a fraction
5/10 (because it’s in the 10th place) can be reduced to 1/2
convert percent to a fraction: 8% =
8/100 (a percent is always something out of 100)
the mean is the…
average
the median is the number in the…(median in middle)
middle
the mode is the number that…
occurs the most - careful-there can be 2 modes
skewed distribution - if a graph starts high on the left, and decreases to basically nothing on the right, it’s skewed…
right
symetrical distribution looks like a…(symmetry of a pyramid)
pyramid, sort of
as one thing goes up, the other thing goes up, OR, if one thing goes down, the other thing goes down
positive correlation
as one thing goes up, the other thing goes down
negative correlation
formula for an unknown right triangle
a2 + b2 = c2
numbers with decimals written out could separate the decimal with the word…
and
5x = 20 what is the variable term? (x can vary)
5x
5x = 20 what is the consonant?
20
|3x + 1| = 2 when solving the absolute value (the bars on either side)
you need to work the equation twice. Once with =2, and once with = -2. The positive and negative.
line graph (line on the mountains)
looks like a silhouette of the mountains
stem and leaf plot
first digit in first row, used to show data in a graph
box and whisker plot
looks like a syringe, used to explain data analysis
I value xylaphones like cows do milk
1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500, 1000
CMLXIV
c = 100, m = 1000, l = 50, x = 10, i = 1, v = 5. Anytime you have a smaller number in front of a larger number, subtract them. ex - 100 - 1000 = 900. done. 1 - 5 = 4. done. Just add the 50 +10. total is 964.
front end estimations is just…
estimating using the left most digit with numbers in the same place, then do the same with the second digit and so on.. 4720 + 1429, 4000 + 1000, and 700 + 400.
rounding fractions - 5/8 =
5/8 = 1 because the numerator is greater than or equal to HALF of the denominator.
another example of front end estimation - 56 + 49 + 17 +21 + 36 =
50 + 40 + 10 + 30 =
clustering = find a number that is closest to the average - even if it’s 1700 and 3200 3100, the average is 3000. then…
multiply that by the total, 3.
1 liter is how many quarts? (1 piece of litter for 1 quarter)
about 1.06
in a right triangle, the side opposite to the right angle is called the…
hypotenuse. the other sides are the legs.
to find a piece of a pie, or angle of a pie (montosori angle)
n/360 X 2(pi)R
covert 76 ft (2) (squared) into inches (2) (squared)
76 x (12)2 = 76 x 144 = 10, 949
implicit information is someone’s
point of view
answering where and how provides…(implied where? How?)
implicit information
answering who, what, when and where provides…(the 5 ws)
explicit information
spinal nerves have both___and___impulses
afferent and efferent
in ALS, the…
motor neurons die
muscular dystrophy (genetic)
abnormal genes interfere with the production of healthy muscle. the nerves are not affected.
sex cells are called..
gametes
male gamates
sperm
female gametes
ovum (eggs)
sperm is produced in paired gonads called…
testes
female gonads are the…
ovaries
full term is…
40 weeks
at puberty, the pituitary secretes…
fsh and lh
fsh in males promotes production of..
sperm
lh in males promotes production of..(lute is teste)
testosterone
fsh in females promotes production of…
mestruation hair, mammary gland
immature eggs are kept in..
a fluid filled structure called graafian follicle
promotes development of follice
fsh, triggering release of estrogen
the spike in estrogen (from fsh) causes…a surge in what? (you know the rest)
a surge in LH, which causes rupture of egg out of follicle.
after ovulation, the empty graafian is called..
the corpus luteum. the corpus then secretes progesterone which causes uterus to thicken.
filtrate
all of the material leaving the blood through the glomerulus
bowman’s capsule collects the…
filtrate
after leaving the bowman’s capsule, filtrate goes to the..
convoluted tubules
in the proximal tubule____are reabsorbed
glucose and other solutes are reabsorbed
after proximal tubule, filtrate goes to the..
loop of henle to the distal tubule, where it is reabsorbed.
3 main functions of the kidneys (BFF)
filter waste from blood, regulate electrolyte and fluid balance in blood, and change blood flow rate and blood pressure
blood enters the kidneys through…(because it’s coming from the heart)
the renal artery, and leaves via the renal veins
the amount of filtrate collected in the bowman’s capsule is regulated by..
blood pressure in the glomerulus
3 metabolic byproducts that must be kept to a minimum are…(byyyyyy CUU)
nitrogenous wastes: urea, uric acid, and creatinine.
the kidneys regulate how much water is lost from our body through urine by…
the amount of sodium chloride in the blood. The reabsorption affects the osmotic pressure.
where sodium goes…
water follows
dehydration causes reduced blood volume, therefore…
lower blood pressure
when kidneys lessen their ability to reabsorb water, urine becomes…
more dilute
aldosterone increases reabsorption of…
sodium ions. Then Cl follows, and water. Blood volume is increased, therefore blood pressure is increased.
angiotensin II also causes the release of..
antiduretic hormone secreted by pituitary
molecule to molecule bonding is a function of…
heat. movement increases as it gains heat.
the phase in which a substance exists is dependent on___properties
the intensive properties (intensive property would be heat)
heat is measured in…
units of calories or joules
heat is…
energy, temperature is the measure of hot or cold
the 2 factors that influence the phase of a substance
temp and pressure
increasing temp moves particles..
apart, increasing pressure moves them together
phase diagram used…
used to predict a molecule’s state of matter
ex. of an intensive property (specific intensity)
specific heat capacity - it’s intrinsic
when a gas loses enough energy to be below its boiling point temp, it..
returns to a liquid state
condensation is the transition from..
gas to liquid
critical point (critically missing solid)
when substances exist as a liquid and a gas
smooth ER is the site of…
lipid production and storage
groups of similar cells that work together to perform a function
tissue
surface area of a box
2Lw x 2LH x 2Wh
cubic feet is…(my feet have volume)
volume
squared feet is…
area
volume of a cylinder formula (volume of cylinder of coke)
pi(r)2h (pi times r squared times h)
write this in expanded form in terms of power to the ten - 237.45
2 x 10(2) + 3 x 10 (1) + 7 x 10(0) + 4 x 10 (-1) + 5 x 10 (-2)
divide 452 by 52 - enter which number first?
enter 452 first
gary, as well as his 3 children, is coming to visit today
is is singular because Gary is singular
second person plural
the teacher said “you better do well on the test” addressing the entire class
compound sentences are always joined by a…(fanboys)
coordinating conjunction - for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
formula for perimeter of a half circle (crescent moon)
pi x r +2r
formula for area of a circle
pi x R(2)
formula for area of a circle
pi x R(2)
area of a parallelogram - basically a square
b x h
the circumference of a circle is the…
total all the way around, it’s the perimeter
formula for circumference of a circle is..
pi x diameter
change 4 inches squared into cm squared
FIRST - square 2.54 = 6.4516 THEN multiply by 4 = 25.8064 squared
surface area is the total area of a…
3-dimensional object
surface area of a sphere is…(surface of 4 sphere pies)
4 x pi x r(2)
surface area of a cylinder or silo is…(2 silos - r squared and r h)
basically a rectangle with two circles = Rectangle = 2 x pi x r(2) squared = 2 x pi x r x h - THEN add together.
mitosis - IPMAT
interphase - dust bunny of cells (is chromatin), cetrosomes and dna duplicates; prophase - willow; metaphase - center; anaphase - split and dragged to side; telophase - phone, splitting starts, cytokinesis - split
phase that cells spend most of their time in
interphase
longest phase of mitosis (long time to become a pro)
prophase
lung condition that is high compliance
emphysema, because it causes the lungs to expand too much
causes a decrease in alveolar pressure
contracting the diaphram, bc it makes the lungs bigger
4 components of cardiovascular system (heart lab - LHBB)
blood, blood vessels, heart and lymphatic system
the formed elements in plasma are…(form warped WRP)
leukocytes (wbc), erythrocytes (rbcs), and platelets
makes antibodies
lymphocytes (b and t cells)
external control of the heart is regulated by..
epi and nor-epi
how many salivary glands in the mouth?
3 pairs
P before L (throat)
pharynx then larynx
gastric juice is a mix of…(MHD)
mucus, HCL, and digestive enzymes
chief cells secrete…
pepsinogen, an inactive form of pepsin used to digest protein.
gastric lipase digests..
fats
parietal cells secrete..
HCL, which coverts pepsinogen into pepsin.
goblet cells secrete…(gobble - kids)
mucus to protect against HCL
vitamin B12 is absorbed in…(where all things are absorbed)
the small intestines, jejunum and ileum.
blood carrying nutrients from the small intestines goes to the..
liver through hepatic portal
water and vitamins are absorbed in..
the liver
deglutination is…
swallowing
